Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
W9 - Institutions 2: Global refugee regime - Coggle Diagram
W9 - Institutions 2: Global refugee regime
1. Institutions = shaped / shape society
Social Institutions
Marriage
Religion
Health
Education/Higher Education
Political Institutions
Nation State
2. Global Refugee Regime
Regime = principles / norms / rules / decision-making procedures around which actors (important individuals/institutions) focus.
principles
protecting those with NO state protection
norms
nonrefoulement
rules
1951 refugee convention
decision-making procedures
UNHCR events
institutions
UNHCR (main)
3. Refugee
definition
FORCED
well founded fear of being persecuted for...
race
religion
nationality
membership of particular social group
membership of particular political opinion
is outside country of nationality
unable to
owing to such fear
unwilling to avail self for protection from nationality country out of this fear
what is missing from it
what this means
practically
theoretically
Migrant
definition
crossing international borders
many categories
documented / undocumented
VOLUNTARY
what drives migration?
ideas from migrant experiences
structural drivers
colonialism
globalisation
what leads to a different kind of migration?
colonialism + globalisation = increased conflict
unequal flow of labour + capital ACROSS BORDERS
= migrant populations
= deprivation
THIS underpins world's current conflicts
complexity of migration = reasons for movement by people are on a continuum of compulsion
Reason 1
forced to leave because staying = death (by death squad or starvation)
Reason 2
leave by choice = have privileges (passport / high levels of financial, human, social capital / no penalty staying home / can also choose a menu of destinations to go to
in between reason
people leave NOT by choice OR to flee death but TO LIVE A DECENT / DIGNIFIED LIFE
problem is that...
dichotomous categories by governments that juxtaposes
REFUGEE
to
ECONOMIC MIGRANT
doesn't capture underlying messiness / complexities and nuances in between these categories
4. Responses to Refugees
Precarity
Migrant precarity
Place precarity
Refugee precarity
precariat
globalisation's child
precariousness is inherent to capitalism
3 durable solutions
(role of UNHCR)
Repatriation
return under safe conditions
principle of
nonrefoulement
Integration
remain in host country with citizenship path
Resettlement
permanent protection in third country of Global North
Curiosity of IRR
Dream/Curse
Cherry picking
morale loss
assumes Global North superiority
takes steam out of movements for home country change
tiny numbers
Global North wealthier countries accept refugees at a distance
Claiming Asylum
the catch-22 of asylum policy
claiming asylum can only happen ON territory
Govs avoid process for asylees
only to appear law abiding
government basically says "come here, get your claims decided BUT we will also do everything to keep you out.
externalisation of borders
externalisation = form of 'remote control'
getting other countries to do dirty work
buffering
"safe third country" designations
joint border patrols
funding/training joint border patrols
readmission agreements (first country will take them back)
stops asylum seekers from entering
air
dome
land
cages
water
moat
hyperterritoriality
not remote
obssession with physical place
government nitpicks exact borders
wet foot / dry foot
what % of body lies in which country
Policy of Excision
5. Humanitarianism
Organisations (as part of larger refugee regime)
process
guard
presumably help
institutional survival of organisations PROBLEMATISES presumable help to refugees
humanitarianism = institutionalised = industry SYSTEM of jobs/funding/contracts/routines
E.g.
Nauru used as buffer state by Australia
Australia outsources refugee processing to Nauru
asylum seekers are kept offshore
creates steady demand of
legal aid
housing
healthcare
security
Nauru is dependent on Australia (after economic dependence of resource extraction was lost)
Australia uses power imbalance (economic dependence) as leverage to outsource refugee responsibilities
humanitarian organisations rely on government contracts / international funding AKA humanitarianism institutional survival
refugee stereotype provide SURPLUS for transnational refugee workers that CARRY OUT operations in these processing systems in Nauru
these people MAY be morally motivated BUT also part of industry / system / institution of humanitarianism / institutionalised refugee industry
refugees often portrayed to JUSTIFY institutionalised refugee industry system
provides moral value to work
Humanitarian activities
shelter
food + nutrition
education
water
health