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Semester 1 Review Mind Map - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Beneficence: The principle of moral action which dictates the actor should do what is “right” and what is “good”. People benefit from good, so all actions should seek to achieve the greatest amount of good.
        
        Least Harm: The principle of moral action which dictates the actor should do the least harm possible. People benefit from good, and so they should seek to avoid harming others to increase that good.
        
        Autonomy: The principle of moral action which dictates the actor should make the decisions that best apply to their lives. People benefit from respect for their specific life experience and they should be able to govern actions as such.
        
        Justice: The principle of moral action dictates that the actor should make choices that are fair to those involved. People benefit from good, so, barring extenuating circumstances, the most just choice should always win out.
    - - Deontology: People should fulfill obligations and duties to others, and as a part of society, as is ethically correct. It can become risky if there are conflicts: to fulfill an obligation that may cause someone to break a law.
        
        Utilitarianism: People should choose actions that yield the greatest amount of good or the most benefit. Act Util. – Follow ethics regardless of opinion. Rule Util. – Follow ethics and fairness.
        
        Rights: People should act to protect the established rights of a society as the highest priority. The actions must account for the desired goal of the Society at large, which may sometimes be interpreted differently.
        
        Virtue: People should be judged on the character of the majority of their actions rather than ones that deviate. This may not take into account that a person’s moral character may change over time.
    - - Original Sin, Holiness, and Justice
        
        (In order): Fallen state inherited from Adam and Eve, sate of sanctifying grace Adam and Eve were created in, and the harmony which existed before the fall
      - Consupiscence
        
        inclination to sin after Baptism
      - Parousia
        
        Glorious second coming of Christ
      - Etiology
        
        literary form in Scripture that explains the origin or cause of a practice
      - Soteriology
        
        Theology surrounding Salvation
      - Christology
        
        Study of Christ through Incarnation and Resurrection
      - Pneumatology
        
        Study of the Holy Spirirt
      - Hylomorphic
        
        body and soul
      - Accidents
        
        aspects distinct to a soul that do not change it’s capacity (ex. Skin color, height, hair color)
      - Nature
        
        Complete purpose of beingness, the soul
      - Sacred Scripture/Tradition
        
        (in order): Divinely inspired accounts of the Covenants through Jesus, compiled and divinely inspired revelation of the Church guided by the Holy Spirit
      - Didactic Fiction
        
        figurative language used to symbolically point to a deeper truth
      - Protoevangelium
        
        God’s promise to save us from sin
      - Covenant
        
        A promise begun and sealed by love
      - Paschal Mystery
        
        Passion, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus
      - Theophany
        
        visible manifestation of God to human beings
      - Hypostatic Union
        
        indissoluble union of humanity and divinity in Jesus Christ
      - Heresy, Formal and Material
        
        (In order): a denial or doubt of a truth in Catholic faith, adding, detracting, or changing what the Church teaches; willfully denies a truth; contrary belief out of simply misunderstanding
      - Analogy of Faith
        
        Coherence of individual doctrines with the whole of Revelation.
      - Expiation
        
        act of atoning for sin
      - Fiat mihi secundum tuam verbum
        
        ”Let it be done to me according to your word”
    - - Sin (Matthew 5)
        
        Law
        
        Jesus did not come to abolish the law and teaches to follow it.
        
        Anger
        
        Reconcile with those you were angry with
        
        Adultery
        
        Those who look at another women with lust have already committed adultery
        
        Oaths
        
        Do not swear at all
        
        Retaliation
        
        Be loving and do not seek revenge
        
        Love of Enemies
        
        Love enemies and pray for them
      - Infancy Narratives
        
        Matthew
        
        Focuses on Joseph and Jesus as the Messianic King
        
        Luke
        
        focuses on Mary and Jesus’ salvation to all
      - Who is Jesus?
        
        Matthew
        
        Son of David/ Abraham, born from a long lineage of kings
        
        Luke
        
        Son of Mary, focuses on Jesus as human
        
        John
        
        Jesus was the Word of God made flesh
    - - Mother of God (Theotokos)
        
        Mother of Jesus Christ, who is God
      - Immaculate Conception
        
        Preserved free from Original Sin
      - Perpetual Virginity as the Ark of the New Covenant
        
        Mary’s womb was the dwelling place of the Incarnate Word
      - Dormition
        
        Taken body and soul in heavenly glory
      - Mediatrix
        
        Mary interceding for humanity
- - - - Matthew
        
        Jesus arrives at Galilee, but John refuses to Baptize Him. Jesus insists that it is to fulfill righteousness. The Heavens open, the Holy Spirit descends, and the Father proclaims Him as the Messianic King, fulfilling Israel’s prophecies.
      - Mark
        
        Brief with strong imagery for the Roman audience, such as the heavens “tearing open.” The Holy Spirit descends, and the divine voice proclaims Jesus as the powerful Son of God.
      - Luke
        
        Highlights Jesus praying and the Heavens being opened. The focus is His mission as well as universal prayer and salvation.
    - - (Only John) Jesus turns water into great wine, revealing his identity and new life from grace. Mary is the one who intercedes to have Jesus do it, yet never asks Him. She knows Jesus’ love and willingness to help.
    - - Matthew
        
        Jesus teaches the Beautitudes, explaining several teachings such as those being lesser on earth will be greater in Heaven, teachings of adultery, love, pray, and judgement of others.
      - Mark
        
        Jesus performs several miracles to show the doubtful that He is God, such as curing a demoniac, healing a paralytic, calming a storm at sea, and feeding 5,000 people by multiplying bread.
      - Luke
        
        Jesus gives many parables to alter the way people look at the world, such as the parable of the Sower, Good Samaritan, Rich Fool, Barren Fig Tree, and the Lost Son.
    - - Matthew
        
        Jesus takes Peter, James, and John to a high mountain. Here, Jesus shines and Moses and Elijah appear, with God’s voice declaring Jesus’ fulfillment of the Law and Prophets.
      - Mark
        
        Jesus’ appearance changes to a dazzlingly white on a mountain with Peter, James, and John. Moses and Elijah appear, and God affirms Jesus as His son, highlighting the awe and fear of the disciples.
      - Luke
        
        Jesus’ face and clothes shine, and Moses and Elijah speak of His upcoming departure. A voice in a cloud says that this is the chosen Son, emphasizing Jesus’ prayerful life and connection between divine glory and His mission.
    - - Luke
        
        Jesus declares, “This is my body, which is given for you.”, revealing that the brea truly becomes His body offered in sacrifice. The same goes for the wine. Jesus then commands His disciples to “Do this in memory of me”, entrusting them to perpetuate the sacrificial meal.
      - Corinthians
        
        Paul recalls the tradition recieved from Jesus and emphasizes that this is the central command of Christ Himself.
      - Mark
        
        Jesus celebrates the Passover and foretells of His betrayal. After instituting the Eucharist, He points to the future, saying He will not again drink from the fruit of the vine until the Kingdom of God is fulfilled.
      - Matthew
        
        Jesus institutes the Eucharist and establishes it as His real body and Blood, the sacrificial covenant of forgiveness.
  - - - Lutherans, Anglicans, High Church Protestants
        
        Consubstantiation
        
        The belief that the Eucharist is simultaneously the bread/wine and the body/blood; they coexist within each other.
      - Evangelicals/Non-Denominational Churches
        
        Symbolic
        
        The bread and wine is simply a symbol of Christ’s presence.
      - Catholics/Orthodox
        
        Transubstantiation
  - - - ”Nowhere”, term used to describe the perfect society. The Kingdom of God is not a “utopia”, but a return to the Garden of Eden.
    - - Outside the Church there is no salvation
    - - ”The last thing”, fulfillment of Creation. They include the resurrection, the final judgement, and the new Heavens/Earth
    - - ”Remember you must die”. Reminds Christians of morality, encouraging humility and repentance.
    - - ”The Art of Dying Well”, dying in a state of holiness and grace, hoping eternal life.
    - - The Four Last Things: death, judgment, Heaven, and Hell.
    - - Physical element or action use in a sacrament.
    - - Words of prayer spoken in a sacrament
    - - The person who has the authority to confer the sacrament.
    - - The minister who actually performs the sacrament
    - - (In order) A sacrament celebrated correctly in accordance to Church Law/A sacrament that takes effect but occurs against Church law or permission/A sacrament which lacks the essential matter, form, minister, or intention
    - - Someone who denies God’s existence
    - - Someone who claims that God’s existence cannot be known with certainty
    - - Someone who opposes God and religion
    - - A baptized Catholic who no longer practices the faith
    - - Moral Theory claiming that ethical statements are only expressions of feelings, not truths
    - - The belief that moral truth depends on personal or cultural preference
    - - The ethical view that the morality of an action is judged only by its outcomes
- - - - Who?
        
        Jewish legal officials who drew up contracts in agreement with the Mosaic Loaw
      - Why?
        
        Jesus violated Jewish rituals by allowing Himself to be surrounded by the sick
    - - Who?
        
        Strict scholars of the Torah, made up of aristocrats and priests
      - Why?
        
        Jesus attracted large crowds, and the Sadduccees feared the Romans could interpret it as Jesus raising an army.
    - - Who?
        
        Radical Jews who would do anything to overthrow the Roman government
      - Why?
        
        Jesus speaks of loving and forgiving enemies
  - - - Mark
        
        People carefully preparing, spread cloaks, leafy branches, and bless Jesus
      - Matthew
        
        Directs Disciples to untie colt, “foul beast of burden”
      - Luke
        
        orders disciples to untie colt, expresses lament for Jerusalem
      - John
        
        Took our palm branches, rides donkey, fulfills scripture, witnesses of Jesus raising Lazarus
    - - Luke
        
        Chief priests wanted to put Jesus to death, but the crowd follow His word
      - Mark
        
        Jesus said it is not a house of thieves, but of prayer. The crowd is astonished.
      - Matthew
        
        Jesus drove out those selling dove, performs miracles and crowd praises
      - John
        
        Sold oxen, sheep, doves, makes a whip, flips tables, “destroy temple, raise in 3 days”
    - - Matthew
        
        says specific amount Judas payed, Judas’ Betrayal, Anopinting at Bethany, fortelling of Peter’s denial
      - Luke
        
        disciples argue who is the greatest, yet Jesus says the greatest should be the youngest, and gives instructions for the Time of Crisis
      - Mark
        
        Jesus refers back to scripture, analogy of striking the shepherd, Anointing at Bethany, fortelling of Peter’s denial
      - John
        
        Jesus prepares dwelling for apostles, tells them to follow commandments, show love, prepare for persecution, and promises to send Holy Spirit
    - - Luke
        
        Angel from Heaven appears, disciples sleep, Judas betrays with a kiss, cuts off right ear but Jesus heals
      - Matthew
        
        Jesus is distressed, “let the cup pass”, Judas appears and Jesus still calls Him “friend”, Jesus arrested and priest’s ear cut off
      - John
        
        Jesus reveals Himself and says “I AM”
      - Mark
        
        Jesus troubled, disciples fall asleep, Judas appears and Jesus is arrested, priest’s ear severed
    - - Sanhedrin (John)
        
        High priest questions Jesus’ doctrine but He tells him to ask those he taught. He asks that if what He has spoken is right, why is he being struck.
      - Pilate (John)
        
        Pilate is confused, Jews cannot execute Him. Jesus and Pilate speak, Jesus reveals His kingdom is not from this world.
  - - - questioning God (okay) vs. questing God as if you know best (bad)
    - - Priests of the temple who made up the ruling council for the Jews
    - - Roman governor of Judea
    - - process of becoming a saint, including the stages of: Servant of God, venerable, blessed, and saint
    - - Saints in Heaven
    - - Church on earth
    - - Church in Purgatory
    - - A day of Catholic observance in which we pray for the souls of the faithful who have died
    - - A temporary state where souls undergo purification from genial sins before entering Heaven
- - - - Mary Magdalene visits the tomb, the tomb was empty, and instructions to tell the Apostles
    - - Which specific women enter the tomb, who do they encounter in the tomb, and condition of the tomb
    - - Everyone confirms Jesus died
      - Early accounts of Resurrections
      - Opponents admit the tomb was open
      - 9 sources
    - - Mark
        
        importance of baptism and faith
      - Matthew
        
        the Great Commission
      - Luke
        
        Road to Emmaus
      - John
        
        Doubting Thomas
  - - - centered around a church, led by a pastor
    - - centered around cathedral, led by bishop/archbisop
    - - conference of bishops, elects a president
    - - Governing body, led by secretary of state
    - - Christ Event (4BC-30AD)
        
        Jesus’ life
      - Apostolic Age (30BC-100AD)
        
        Apostles go out and spread the word, martyred
      - Parasitic Period (100-313AD)
        
        Succcessors of Apostles combat heresies while there is much on and off persecution from the Roman empire
      - Imperial Age (313-451AD)
        
        Christianity is legalized by the Roman Empire
      - Dark Ages (451-1000)
        
        Christianity has to survive by converting the small tribes that have overrun the Roman Empire. European nation-states start to rise
      - Middle Ages (1000-1500)
        
        Church continues to grow in political and financial influence, suffering schisms and corruption. The Crusades take place
      - Age of Reformation (1500-1600)
        
        Tensions cause further schisms, the Church holds firm to its tradition
      - Enlightenment (1600-1800)
        
        western society focuses on reason as the source of truth, allegiance to God is questioned
      - Modern Age (1800-1900)
        
        ALL authority is questioned
      - Post-Modern Age (1900-present)
        
        global war divides the Church between conservative and progressive factions
  - - - Caused by split between Antioch and Alexandria
    - - Includes Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism, Evangelicalism which believes the Bible is inerrant, and Anabaptism, which believes that children are not capable of sin
  - - - raised gthe son of the widow Zarephath
    - - raised the son of the Shunammite woman
    - - raised Tabitha
    - - raised Eutychus
    - - (in order) someone being raised from the dead back into their original life/someone being raised from the dead into a new life or state of living
    - - The branch of theology which considers the nature and structure of the church
    - - (in order) the aspects and characteristics of a thing that define what it is, qualities that change without changing the essence, the purpose of something
    - - Spouse of Christ, Daughter of the Father, Instrument of the Holy Spirit, Mother to her faithful, Sacrament of God’s presence
    - - People in the Church who are not ordained or religious
    - - Poverty, Chastity, Obedience
    - - ”one who loves God”, addressee of Luke and Acts
    - - Jewish feast day celebrating the giving of the law at Sinai
    - - seeking to make oneself more like God
    - - uninterruped link between the Apostles and modern times
    - - Universal
    - - major creed which captures the teachings and doctrines the Apostles’ preached
    - - Creed made to reaffirm faith and combat Arianism, a heresy which stated that Jesus was not the same as the Father