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Chapters 40-41 - Coggle Diagram
Chapters 40-41
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Digestive enzymes
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Lactase, sucrase- small intestine
Major tissue types
Epithelial tissue
-Body surfaces, lines organs
-protection, secretion, absorption, excretion
Muscle tissue
-enables movement
-skeletal,cardiac,smooth
Nervous tissue
-communications and control
- neurons transmit electric pulses
-glial cells support neurons
Connective tissue
-binds and supports other tissues
-cells in extracellular matrix
-bone, cartilage, blood, etc
Energy and metabolism
Metsbolic rate: total energy use per unit of time
- affected by size, temp, activity
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Bioenergetics
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Used for maintenance, growth, reproduction, activity
Energy budget balances input (food) and output (heat,work,waste)
Adaptations
Carnivores- short intestines, Sharp teeth
Herbivores- long intestines, symbiotic bacteria for cellulose digestion
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Two systems
Endocrine system- hormones, slow + long term response
Nervous system- electrical signals, fast + short term response
Food processing stages
Ingestion : taking in food
Digestion: breaking food into smaller molecules
Absorption; uptake of nutrients into cells
Elimination: removal of undigested waste
- mechanical digestion: chewing grinding
- chemical digestion: enzymes
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Essential nutrients
- essential amino acids
- essential fatty acids
- vitamins (organic)
- minerals (inorganic)
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Intracellular digestion: food digested inside cells (sponges)
Extracellular digestion: occurs in compartments (stomach, intestines)