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CH6 Tour of the Cell - Coggle Diagram
CH6 Tour of the Cell
Studying Cells
Microscopy
Light Microscope (LM): visible light + lenses → magnified image
Resolution: clarity of image
Contrast: brightness differences
Max magnification ~1,000x
Electron Microscopes (EM)
SEM: 3D surface view
TEM: internal structure
Advanced LM
Fluorescent markers, confocal, deconvolution
Cell Fractionation
Centrifugation separates organelles
Helps study organelle functions
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
No nucleus
DNA in nucleoid
No membrane-bound organelles
Cytoplasm inside plasma membrane
Eukaryotic
DNA in nucleus (double membrane)
Membrane-bound organelles
Cytoplasm between membrane & nucleus
Larger than prokaryotes
Shared features
Plasma membrane
Cytosol
Chromosomes (genes)
Ribosomes (make proteins)
Cell Size & Surface Area
Limits set by metabolic needs
Surface area → nutrients/waste passage
Volume grows faster than surface area
Nucleus & Ribosomes
Nucleus
Stores DNA
Surrounded by nuclear envelope
Ribosomes
Read DNA instructions
Protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER
Studded with ribosomes
Secretes glycoproteins
Produces transport vesicles
Membrane factory
Smooth ER
No ribosomes
Synthesizes lipids
Detoxifies drugs/poisons
Stores calcium ions
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Organelles
Compartments with specialized functions
Double layer of phospholipids forms membranes
Plant & animal cells mostly similar
Ribosomes: Protein Factories
Composed of rRNA + protein
Locations
Free ribosomes → cytosol
Bound ribosomes → ER / nuclear envelope