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Chapters 40 & 41 – Animal Form, Function, and Nutrition - Coggle…

- - - - Epithelial tissue
        
        → covers body surfaces, lines organs and cavities
        
        → functions: protection, secretion, absorption, filtration
        
        → types (based on layers & shape):
        
        Simple squamous → diffusion (lungs)
        
        Cuboidal → secretion (glands)
        
        Columnar → absorption (intestine)
        
        Stratified squamous → protection (skin)
        
        Pseudostratified ciliated → mucus movement (trachea)
      - Connective tissue
        
        → binds, supports, and protects other tissues
        
        → matrix: fibers + ground substance
        
        → types:
        
        Loose connective (binds epithelia)
        
        Fibrous (tendons/ligaments)
        
        Adipose (fat storage)
        
        Cartilage (cushioning)
        
        Bone (mineralized support)
        
        Blood (transport medium)
      - Muscle tissue
        
        → movement via contraction
        
        → types:
        
        Skeletal (voluntary, striated)
        
        Cardiac (involuntary, striated, intercalated discs)
        
        Smooth (involuntary, non-striated, walls of organs)
      - Nervous tissue
        
        → senses stimuli & transmits signals
        
        → neurons (signal transmission) + glial cells (support/protection)
- - - - → water-soluble (B, C)
      - → fat-soluble (A, D, E, K)
  - - - → Mechanical (chewing)
      - → Chemical (enzymes, acids)
- - - - → secretes gastric juice (HCl + pepsin)
      - → churns food into chyme
      - → mucus protects lining
    - - → duodenum: enzymes from pancreas (lipase, protease, amylase), bile from liver
      - → jejunum & ileum: nutrient absorption (villi & microvilli)