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A tour of the cell - Coggle Diagram
A tour of the cell
Microscopes & Biochemistry
light microscope (LM), visible light is passed
through a specimen and then through glass lenses
Light microscopes can magnify effectively to about
1,000 times the size of the actual specimen
Labeling individual cells with fluorescent markers
improves the level of detail that can be seen
Lenses refract (bend) the light so that the image is
magnified
Two basic types of electron microscopes (EMs)
are used to study subcellular structures
Cells are usually too small to be seen by the eye. It is helpful to understand how cells are studied
important parameters of microscopy magnification , resolution, and contrast
microscope
Confocal microscopy and deconvolution microscopy
provide sharper images of three-dimensional tissues
and cells
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
Mitochondria has cellular respiration
Double membrane
Own DNA and ribosomes
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration,
the metabolic process that uses oxygen to
generate ATP
Chloroplasts in (plant cells)
Photosynthesis,Thylakoids, grana, stroma
Own DNA and ribosomes
Chloroplasts, found in plants and algae, are the
sites of photosynthesis
Cytoskeleton
It interacts with motor proteins to produce cell
motility
Three main types of fibers make up the
cytoskeleton
cytoskeleton
Microtubules are the thickest of the three
components of the cytoskeleton
– Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are the
thinnest components
– Intermediate filaments are fibers with diameters in a
middle range
The cytoskeleton helps to support the cell and
maintain its shape
Eukaryotic cells & Prokaryotic cells
Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and
Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells
No nucleus
– DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
– No membrane-bound organelles
– Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane
basic features of cells
– Plasma membrane
– Semifluid substance called cytosol
– Chromosomes (carry genes)
– Ribosomes (make proteins)
Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of
eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a double
membrane
– Membrane-bound organelles
– Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma
membrane and nucleus
• Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than
prokaryotic cells