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Pre-eclampsia - Coggle Diagram
Pre-eclampsia
Risk Factors
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Chronic hypertension, diabetes, renal disease
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Autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus, APS)
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Clinical Features
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Edema (face, hands, sometimes generalized)
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Headache, visual disturbances
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Pathophysiology
Placental ischemia → release of anti-angiogenic factors (sFlt-1, endoglin)
Endothelial dysfunction → systemic vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability
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Imbalance of angiogenic factors → hypertension, proteinuria, organ dysfunction
Diagnosis
Urine protein (dipstick, 24h collection, or protein:creatinine ratio)
Laboratory tests (CBC, liver enzymes, renal function, uric acid)
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Fetal assessment (growth scan, Doppler)
Management
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Monitoring: Maternal BP, urine output, labs; fetal wellbeing
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Antihypertensives (labetalol, nifedipine, hydralazine)
Complications
Maternal
HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets)
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