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Digital Identity, INY 715 GROUP ASSIGNMENT 2 Purple And Blue Modern The…

- - - - Explicit: Usernames, password, DOB, ID number
      - Implicit: IP address, browsing history, purchase records
    - - Identification = Who the user is
      - Authentication = verify identity
  - - - Declared Identity: Self-provided data (profiles,bios)
      - Acting identity: Online behaviour and interactions
      - Calculated Identity: Algorothmically generated data
- - - - Plato (427–347 BCE)
        
        Universal and Virtue Ethics Explained
      - Aristotle (384–322 BCE)
      - Immanuel Kant (1724–1804
        
        Deontology Explained
      - Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill (18th–19th c.)
        
        Utilitarianism Explained
      - Carol Gilligan (1980s)
        
        Ethics of Care Explained
  - - - Platos universal moral truths: Even in a digital environment, morals should still apple even without physical presense.
      - Aristotle's Virtue ethics: The metaverse design promotes virtuous behaviour. Respectful interactions sustain the metaverse and all memebers of the community
      - Immanuel Kants Deonological ethics: Users in the metaverse too have ethical duties. They should protect their private information and behave approriatly to avoid consequences. As per the user terms and conditions they should uphold the metaverses rules and maintain truthfulness.
      - Carol Gilligan's Ethics of Care: The metaverse encourages user consideration for all memebers, and promotes inclusive modern policies to promote care, community building and inclusion for all no matter ones race, age, religion etc.
      - Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism: The Metaverse policy promotes overrall community well being, inclusion and safety for all users.
- - - - Summary of exsisting challenges: 1. Privacy and Data Protection
        
        Algorithmic Bias and AI Discrimination
        
        Digital Identity and Authenticity
        
        Harassment and Online Safety
        
        Accountability and Governance
        
        Economic Inequality and Exploitation
        
        Accessibility and Inclusion (Arora & Valeri, 2024)
        
        These challenges pose as real life threats to the wellbeing of community members. So how cnan such issues be addressed and resolves?
        
        Solutions
        
        Privacy & Data Protection: limit data collection and make data policies clear
        
        Algorithmic Bias: Audit AI and maintain standards, ensure transparency
        
        Digital Identity: Verify identities and educate users on transparency
        
        Harassment & Safety: Enforce user protection, detect abuse, provide support to victims and flags.
        
        Accountability & Governance: Define responsibilities of users and platform and enforce laws and consequences
        
        Economic Inequality: Ensure fair pricing and balance of power
        
        Accessibility & Inclusion: Support various devices and software, provide diverse avater customisations and enable various accessibility features.
        
        Psychological Effects: Encourage deactivation for mental breaks, provide mental health resources and support, and educate on boundaries, limits and overuse.
- - - - The purpose of Roblox?
        
        According to Marziah Karch (2024), the purpose of Roblox is to create an environment where users can become interactive and social with others. Users can also create their own games and learn how to code. Roblox also has games with the purpose of assisting users in learning new skills and development in STEM related topics. As mentioned, Roblox is a social platform that encourages community and collaboration, it can help users find friends especially in the era of technology – although that might not always be the best thing in hindsight. Roblox is not only for playing, it is also a platform that helps creatives earn money. The platform is essentially free – that is until players would like to have more perks within the game, the creators of the games may have the option to make their games free until a certain point. Robux is the currency that is used in the world of Roblox – real life money gets converted into robux.
  - - - • Hacking: as Roblox is a game where users can insert their card details, hackers could try and infiltrate people’s privacy.
      - • Cyberbullying & Harassment: “trash-talk” is something that is quite normal in games, however sometimes people may take it too far and start intentionally excluding people based on factors such as the language they speak, whether or not they can afford certain perks the game has to offer, for example how their avatars look.
      - • Inappropriate content: as much as Roblox does have parental guidance put into place, there is still a chance that inappropriate content may be leaked and exposed to young players.
      - • Privacy sharing: players personal information can be shared in public chats by people who have malicious intents, this can be done through hacking, people in their personal lives leaking this information.
  - - - • Predatory behaviour: child predators may use games such as Roblox to try and contact minors, according to Carville & D’Anastasio (2024), in 2020 over 36 million individuals joined Roblox and over half of those users were the age of 13 and below. Podophiles and predators use the game to gain the trust of young children with the intent to groom and exploit them – there have been multiple cases of children being lured into highly predatory relationships through Roblox.
      - • Addiction: Although Roblox is a great way to interact with people all over the world, it is highly addictive and can cause players to neglect their real-life commitments. As we need to remember that Roblox is a global game meaning that time zones are not the same.
      - • Economic exploitation: Roblox is a great way for creatives to share games that they have been working on, however, Roblox game creators do not earn a great amount of money. In turn, Roblox can also be a place for users to spend real money (called robux in the game universe), this can cause children to be prompted to steal money from their parents if they are desperate to buy something on the game.
- - - - As mentioned, there are various types of MMOGs – some are more casual adventure games that might take players on quests such as World of warcraft for example, and other games do include more graphic violence such as Valorant, Call of Duty and Fortnite. These types of games fall under the first-person tactical shooter categories, which tend to have more violence infused into the games. According to Miles-Novelo, A. (2022), there is a link between violent media and aggression that has been studied in-depth by psychologists, it is human nature to adapt attitudes and mannerisms based on what we observe. Although we cannot fully blame media such as MMOGs for violence that happens in real-life, there is something to be said on how it can affect players who spend several hours on there. Research into the General Aggression Model (GAM) should that there was a link between players who played in highly graphic and aggressive games and the likelihood of them acting more aggressive in their day-to-day lives was increased, compared to players who played games with little to no violence.
        
        Factors that might lead to violence in real-life from MMOGs:
        
        • An individual’s own behaviours and environment: if a player is already experiencing a hostile environment at home or has behavioural issues, playing MMOGs with intense violent actions may prompt or lead to more aggressive actions.
        
        • Overexposure: According to Bailey et al. (2011), if an individual is overly exposed to the violent graphics that they are consuming they might become desensitised to the content.
        
        • Interactions: although MMOGs may not be fully responsible for highly intense acts of violence in real-life they do contribute to aggressive acts and behaviours. These aggressive acts may be cause by interactions that users have with others on the games they play. Hostile communication is a norm in these violent games, which users may adapt in their daily lives outside the games.