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chapter 42/43 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - this part is called the systole
    - - this is called the diastole
  - - - heart rate . (the rate of contraction)number of beats per minute
      - Therre is also the stroke volume . the amount of blood that is pumped by a single ventricle in a single contraction
- - - - blood is routed to vital tissues organs , the brain spinal cord ,eyes,adrenal glands and in pregnant seals the placenta
      - when the face comes in contact with cold water the heart rate immediately decreases and blood flow to body extremities reduced
- - - - nutrience only need to pass aorocimantly 2
        cells thick to reach the the cells outer wall allowing them to live without a circulatory system
      - planarians and other flat worms also survive without a circulatory system
        
        a flat body optimises exchange by increasing surface area and minimizing diffusion surfaces
  - - - a circulatory fluid a set of interconnecting vessels and a muscular pump(the heart)
    - - they have a fluid called Hemolymph
      - the heart pumps into the into the organs
    - - The blood is confined to the vessels. there is big ones that then branch out into smaller ones
      - the circulatory fluid is called blood
      - chemical exchange between the blood and the interstitial fluid , as well as the interstitial fluid and the the body cells
  - - - the blood travels through the body and returns to the same place it stated at
      - these have 2 chnambers:the atrium and a ventricle
        
        blood collects in the atrium before transfering into the ventricle.
        
        blood gather in the ventricle hich contracts,
        Pumping out the blood into the capillary beds
    - - these have 2 circuits of blood flow
      - the 2 circle are combined into one organ (the heart)
      - the poor oxygenated blood goes to the capillary beds
      - the left side of the heart pumps oxygen rich
        blood to the organs and tissues
      - most of them with double circulation are intermittent breathers
        
        these means they fil there lungs with air periodically
        
        they rely another gas exchange tissues , most of the time the skin
- - - - the exchange of a substance or heat between
        two fluids flowing in opposite directions