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Activity Therapies - Coggle Diagram
Activity Therapies
Types of Activity Therapies:
Occupational Therapy:
Definition: The art and science of directing a person's participation in selected work activity to correct problems and promote health.
Aims: Maintain work habits, improve socialization/self-esteem, keep reality-oriented, provide emotional expression, teach decision-making and new skills.
Types: Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), gardening, carpet making, leather work, cooking, needlework, crafts.
Recreational Therapy:
Definition: Planned activities to help patients express themselves, drain energy, and use leisure time constructively.
Aims: Improve socialization, divert attention, provide an outlet for anxiety, foster cooperation, develop skills, improve physical health (appetite, sleep, circulation).
Types: Music/dance, sports, reading, drawing/painting, TV/radio, games, parties/picnics.
Industrial Therapy (Vocational Therapy):
Definition: Provides therapeutic work opportunities within the mental health setting (e.g., typing, repairs).
Focus: Helps patients become more independent and responsible, leading to financial independence and self-worth.
Guides for Selection: Should meet rehabilitation needs, suit lifestyle, be interesting/purposeful, utilize patient's abilities, add to feelings of accomplishment. Patient choice and minimal necessary help are key.
Factors to Consider When Choosing an Activity:
Specific psychological needs (e.g., boost self-esteem, security).
Physical condition, cognitive abilities, and psychomotor skills.
Degree of socialization.
Age (avoid childish activities for adults).
Likes and dislikes.
Sex.
Previous habits.
Ability and capacity to complete the task.
Psychiatric disabilities (e.g., lack of attention).
Level of education.
Principles of Implementing Activity Therapies:
Activities should be progressive in skill/difficulty to provide a feeling of success.
The initial act and the goal should not be too far apart.
Use encouragement and positive reinforcement for even minor achievements.
Standards should be based on the patient's own abilities, not on others'.
Activity Selection Based on Symptoms:
Overactive Patient: Busy, non-monotonous activities changed frequently; require little concentration; may need to work alone.
Depressed Patient: Simple activities allowing quick achievement; need short span of attention.
Withdrawn/Hallucinating Patient: Colorful, attractive, stimulating activities; build self-esteem; attract attention; allow rapid achievement.
Paranoid Patient: Activities that provide a sense of responsibility and increase self-esteem; not challenging but within ability.
Therapist's Role:
Before: Assess patient's condition and interest; choose time; prepare environment/equipment; plan a structured program.
During: Participate; provide continuous encouragement and reinforcement; observe progress (participant observation); ensure safety (supervise sharp instruments); promote independence and problem-solving.
After: Reassess the patient; maintain interpersonal relationship; count equipment; record observations and progress.
Introduction:
Occupational, recreational, and social activities are essential treatment elements and a initial step for rehabilitation.
They are prescribed and regulated like medical treatment, with definite time and curative goals.
Definition:
A treatment modality that allows patients to use excess energy positively, learn/practice social skills, and express feelings.
Used in various settings (hospitals, community centers, etc.) and can be individual or group-based.