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Операційні системи 1 семестр, Linux, Linusx, IOS, Windows, images, Basic…
Операційні системи 1 семестр
Linux is a free open-source operating system. It can be modified and customized. It is known for its security, stability, and is used both on servers and regular computers.
kernel
Microkernel — is a type of operating system kernel in which only the most essential functions, such as process and memory management, are included in the kernel. Other services (drivers, file systems) run outside the kernel as separate modules. This structure makes the system more stable and secure, but it may slightly reduce performance.
Monolithic kernel — is a type of operating system kernel where all core functions (memory management, process management, device control, etc.) are combined into a single large module. It is fast, but if an error occurs in any part, it can affect the whole system.
Layered kernel — is a type of operating system kernel divided into several layers or modules. Each layer performs its own functions and interacts only with adjacent layers. This structure improves system stability and security, because an error in one layer does not necessarily affect the others.
File system — is a way of organizing and storing files on a computer or other storage device. It determines how data is written, read, and named. Examples of file systems include NTFS (for Windows), ext4 (for Linux), and APFS (for macOS and iOS).
Process — is a running program or a part of it in a computer’s memory. Each process has its own state, resources, and identifier (PID). Processes can run simultaneously, and the operating system manages their execution and termination.
Shell — is a program that allows the user to interact with the operating system. It receives commands from the user and passes them to the system for execution. Shells can be text-based (CLI, e.g., Bash in Linux) or graphical (GUI, e.g., the Windows or macOS desktop).
iOS is an operating system developed by Apple. It is used on iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. iOS has a user-friendly interface, strong security, and works only on Apple devices.
Windows is a popular operating system developed by Microsoft. It is used on most personal computers in the world. Windows has a user-friendly graphical interface, supports many applications, and is suitable both for work and gaming.
Process hierarchy — is the organization of processes in a tree structure, where one process (parent) can create other processes (child).
Threads — are parts of a process that can run simultaneously. Each thread has its own execution state and context but shares the process’s resources with other threads. Using threads allows programs to run faster and more efficiently.
Linux
Windows
Basic concepts of an operating system
Shell
Process
Monolithic kernel
IOS
