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Respiratory Emergencies, (Pathophysiology, Interventions, Symptoms and…
Respiratory Emergencies
Pneumonia
infection that inflames ai sac in the lungs, air sacs may fill up with fluid
yellow, brown, green mucus production, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, nausea , vomiting
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oxygen therapy, humidified oxygen, rest, antibacterial, antiviral medications, fluids, provide air way support
can be either viral or bacterial. Bacterial infections progress faster and with more severe symptoms compared to viral infections. Most in geriatric and pediatric patients
Pleural Effusion
collection of fluid outside the lung, compresses the lung and causes dyspnea
dyspnea, fever, chills, rapid breathing
oxygen therapy, position of comfort
can be caused by irritation, infection, chf, cancer. Upright position eases pain
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Pulmonary Embolism
blood clot that circulates through the nervous system, partially or completely decreases blood flow
acute chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia,tachy apnea,hypoxia,cyanosis,hemoptysis,hyperventilation
oxygen therapy, anticoagulants,
if embolism is large enough it can cause death, most commen in patients with sedentary lifestyle,recent surgery, genetic component. Patient complain of pin point chest pain
Acute Pulmonary Adema
Heart muscles cannot circulate blood properly, fluid builds up within the alveoli and lung tissue
pink frothy spetum around mouth and nose, dyspnea,wheezing, cool clamy skin, wet lung sounds
postive ventilation, bvm, cpap
usually as a result of CHF,
Asthma, Hay fever, Anaphylaxis
The immune system responds to an allergen that is inhaled, ingested, or injected, and the airway becomes inflamed and obstructed by mucus
wheezing,dyspnea,cyanosis,hives,cool/pale/clammy skin, hypxia
MDI, oxygen therapy, epinephrine, antihistamines, suction if needed, over the counter allergy medications
Asthma: produced by allergic reaction, emotional distress, respiratory infection. Hay fever: produced by pollen , dust mites, pet dander. Anaphylactic reaction: produced by systemic response to antigen
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Influenza type A
viral disease that affects the upper respiratory tract, including upper and lower respiratory passages
fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, headache, fatigue
position of comfort, oxygen, vaccine, fluid, rest and recovery
vaccine is available , may lead to pneumonia and dehydration, caused by a viral infection
Croup
inflammation/ swelling of pharynx, larynx, and tranchea
fever, barking cough, stridor
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Bronchiolittis
Brochioles become inflamed , swell, and fill up with mucus
cough ,fever, wheezing, decreased appetite, fatigue, apnea, cyanosis
oxygen therapy
prevalent in newborn and toddlers, RSV progresses into brochiolittis
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COPD
caused damage to the airways and other parts of the lungs, slow process of dilation, disruption of airway and alveoli
dyspnea, wheezing,chest tighness,mucus production
Supplemental oxygen,
noninvasive ventilation, MDI
caused by 3 trifecta: chronic , emphsema/ bromchilitis/ asthma, tabacco smoke can cause broncholitis
Covid-19
virus that can infect a wide range of cells and systems of the body. Most known for affecting the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract
Dyspnea coughing, fever, loss of smell and taste, headaches, nasal congestion and runny nose, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea.
Vaccination, rest and recovery, oxygen therapy
Similar to the cold virus, primarily affects elderly and weekend immune systems.. Transmitted aerosal droplets and airborne particles, respiratory deterioration may occur rapidly. Can affect multiple body structures like kidney and heart, lungs
Hyperventilation
over breathing to the point that arterial CO2 falls below normal, body may try compensate for acidosis
anxiety, numbness, tingle or painful spams on feet and hands, dyspnea,dizzines,weakness
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