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Enzymology - Coggle Diagram
Enzymology
Enzymes
Speed up rate of reaction
Not consumed by reaction
Act as biological catalysts
Most enzymes = Protein
Lowers activation energy
CATALYZES THE CONVERSION OF SUBSTRATE TO PRODUCT
Catalytic cycle
E + Substrate --> ES --> E + Products
Enzymes are
SUBSTRATE SPECIFIC
Based on subtrate binding to active site
Specificity is based on substrate binding to active site
Depends on 3d structure
Substrate is held by weak bonds
H-Bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrophobic interactions
LACKS COVALENT BONDS
Ex:
AMYLASE + STARCH --> A-S --> AMYLASE + MALTOSE
Rate of reaction
Low = rate is also low
Higher = rate increases
Probability of binding
Dependent on substrate concentration
High substrate concentration
all active sites = engaged, rate plateaus, enzyme
SATURATED
Chemical reactions
Exogonic reaction
Energy is released
Involves
Bond making
Bond breaking
Transition state
Reaction occurs + Energy released = New bonds formed
Enzymes lower activation energy
Reactants absorb energy to reach
ACTIVATION ENERGY
Molecules are unstable
Active site
Binding of substrate causes change in enyzme structure
INDUCED FIT
Formed from amino acids
Pocket/ Groove on surface
Enzyme inhibition
Competitive Inhibitor
Binds at Active site (Competes with Substrate)
CAN BE OVERCOME BY INCREASING SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION
Ressembles enzyme's substrate
Noncompetitve inhibitor
Functions less effectively if substrate binds
Enzyme change shape in active site (can't bind to substrate)
Binds to another part of enzyme (NOT ACTIVE SITE)
INCREASING SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION DOESN'T HELP
Allosteric
Activation and Inhibition
Inhibit/ Stimulate enzyme activity
Occurs when regulatory molecule binds to protein at one site
Affects proteins function at another site
Regulation of enzyme activity to control metabolism
Regulation of Enzymes
Active/ Inactive forms
Allosteric or regulatory site
NOT THE ACTIVE SITE
Usually located where polypeptide join
Site on enzyme where regulator can bind
Multiple polypeptide subunits
Metabolism
Sum of all
chemical processes
of an organism