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Integumentary Pedro Munoz Period 3 - Coggle Diagram
Integumentary Pedro Munoz Period 3
Major functions of the skin
body temp regulation
sweat glands
excrete up to 500ml a day
produces up to 3 gal of sweat
protection
protects inner systems and organs
protects from abrasion
excertion
sweat pores
sebum
cutaneous sensations
Merkel cells/tactile cells
warns of stimuli
metabolic functions
vitamin D synthesis
blood resorvoir
vascular system
skin holds 5% of blood
Layers of the skin
dermis
under epidermis mostly fibrous connective tissue, vascular
epidermis
superficial layer that consists of epithelial tissue and is avascular
hypodermis
▪Subcutaneous layer deep to skin
▪ Not part of skin but shares some functions
▪ Mostly adipose tissue that absorbs shock and insulates
▪ Anchors skin to underlying structures: mostly muscles
Skin cancer and the ABCDE rule
skin cancer
most arent cancerous and dont spread
caused by too much UV or frequent irritation
some skin lotions can repair damaged dna
3 major cancers
melanoma (most detrimental)
highly metastatic
cant get killed by chemo
squamous cell carcinoma(secomd most common can metastisize scaly red removal surgically or radiation
basal cell carcinoma (least detrimental, in basal cells, carve out, slowly invade dermis and hypodermis)
ABCD rule ( asymmetry, border, color, diameter)
Other disorders associated with the Integumentary system
liver disorders
jaundice(causes yellow cast)
hirutism
overbuildup of androgens
too much hair
not easily detected
tumors on ovaries
alopicia
baldness
thinning of hair
dihydrtestosterone follicular response
acne
infectious inflammation of sebacuos glands
cradle cap(overactive sebacous glands in infants
whiteheads:blocked sebacuous glands:oxidized turns into blachhead
Degrees of Burns and the Rules of Nines
types of burns
1st degree
epidermal damage only, redness, swelling, and pain, partial thickness burn
2nd degree
spiderman and upper dermal damage, blisters, partial thickness burn
3rd degree
entire thickness of skin
gray white, cherry red, blackened
not painfull, nerve endings destroyed
skin grafting usually necessary
rule of nines
every major body part couns as 9%(split into anterior and posterior to determine the severity of burns and fluid loss)
arms 4.5% each side
legs 9% each side
anogenital 1%
upper torso 9% each side
lower torso 9% each side
head 4.5% each side
Accessory organs
hair (dead keratinized cells)
shaft
Cortex (outer of medulla)
cuticle (outer layer)
medulla (central)
area that extends above scalp, where keratinization is complete
root
area within scalp, where keratinization is still going on
hair folicle
hair bulb (expanded area at deep end of follicle)
hair folicle receptor (sensory nerve endings that wrap around
bulb)
hair matrix (actively dividing area of bulb that produces hair cells as matrix makes new cells, it pushes older ones upward)
arrector pilli (small band of smooth muscle attached to follicle responsible for goose bumps)
hair papilla (Dermal tissue containing a knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to growing hair)
functions
warns bugs on skin
helps insulate
Hair on head guards against physical trauma
Shield skin from sunlight
nail
cuticle (visible skin fold from bottom)
Nail folds: skin folds that overlap border of nail
lunula (moon shaped white part of nail on base)
Nail bed is epidermis underneath keratinized nail plate
Nail matrix: thickened portion of bed responsible for nail growth
free edge: part of nail growing away from skin)
nail plate (most visible part of nail that is hard and superficial)
root: part of nail inside the skin
sebaceous glands
excrete sebum (oil)
oil erradicates bacteria
Softens hair and skin
sweat glands
apocrine
active during puberty
smell
excrete white milky substance
eccrine
most numerous
Abundant on palms, soles, and forehead
Ducts connect to pores
Function in thermoregulation regulated by sympathetic nervous system
secretes sweat 99% water, salts, vitamin C, antibodies, dermcidin (microbe-killing peptide),metabolic wastes