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Water and life, Carbon & Molecular - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Example-Water has to gain or lose 1g of that substance to change its temperature by 1c
        
        Water’s high specific heat is due to Hydrogen Bonding
        
        -absorb energy when broken
        
        -release energy when formed
  - - - • As a liquid evaporates, its remaining surface cools, through a process called evaporative cooling
- - - - • An acid is a substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution
        • A base is a substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution
        
        pH 7 is neutral
- - - - When it frezes it can send more time with hydrogen
      - More hydrogen=less density
- - - - Surface tension
        
        Hydrogen
        
        Cohesion: when 2 of the same molecules bond Ex H2O-H2O
        
        Adhesion: is when 2 or more different molecules bond Ex H2O-C6H12O6
    - - high specific heat
      - Heat of evaporation
      - Water can absorb or release a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature
    - - ice less dense=floats
    - - Water disolver polar molecules
      - Hydrophilic
        
        Water loving
      - Hydrophobic
        
        hates water
- - - - -Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms
      - -Cis-trans isomers (also called geometric isomers) have the same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangements
      - -Enantiomers are isomers that are MIRROR images of each other
  - - - Example
        
        Enantiomers are important in the pharmaceutical industry.Two enantiomers of a drug may have different effects. Often, only one enantiomer is biologically active
        
        Differing effects of enantiomers demonstrate that organisms are sensitive to even subtle variations in molecules
- - - - Experiments support the idea that abiotic synthesis of organic compounds, perhaps near volcanoes, could have been a stage in the origin of life
      - Looking for how lipids came to be
      - How he did it
        Using an abiotic substance with fire (heat) will become a substance. (gas , water, salt water, and a flame )
    - - H + C
      - Energy storage
      - Ex
        
        lipids (long-term energy service)
- - - - • Carbonyl (C=O)
        
        Alcohol
      - • Carboxyl (–COOH)
      - • Amino (–NH₂)
        
        Basic
      - • Sulfhydryl (–SH)
        
        can bond
      - • Phosphate (–PO₄)
      - • Methyl (–CH₃)
      - Hydroxyl (–OH)
        
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