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George Velis Period 3 Integumentary - Coggle Diagram
George Velis Period 3 Integumentary
Major Functions of the Skin
Cutaneous Sensations
: receptors apart of nervous system
Blood Reservoir
: Holds up to 5% of blood volume
Excretion of Wastes
: secretes waste through water
Protection
: Provides chemical, physical, and biological protection
Metabolic Functions
: Synthesizes vitamin D; can active hormones
Body Temperature Regulation
: sweat cools down body
Other disorders associated with the Integumentary system
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
: hormonal disorder cysts on ovaries; causes mass hair growing
Fungal Infections
: Diseases caused by fungi
Psoriasis
: autoimmune disease; causes inflammation
Chickenpox
: blistering, itchy viral infections: red spots
Alopecia
: thinning of the hair
Staph Infections
: Bacterial infections
Acne
: Clogged pores from dirt/excess skin oil
Accessory Organs
Nails
: Scale like modifications that are made of hard keratin; work to protect toes and fingers
Nail Folds
: Skin overlapping nail border
Nail Root
: Embedded part in skin
Nail Bed
: Epidermis under nail plate
Lunule
: White moon-shaped crescent on bottom of nail
Eponychium/Cuticle
: Nail fold that projects onto the nail body surface
Nail Plate
: Hard keratin that covers nail bed
Glands
Sudoriferous Glands (sweat)
Apocrine
: Occurs during puberty; in armpits and genital area, and areas that secrete milk, yellow sweat (mammary glands)
Mammary Glands
: Modified sweat glands that produce milk
Ecrine
: Most numerous watery sweat glands; mostly on palms, soles & forehead.
Ceruminous Glands
: Sweat gland located in external ear canal and secretes cerumen (earwax)
Sebaceous Glands:
produce sebum/oil in hair & widely distributed (not in palms & sloes
Hair
: Dead keratinized cells; guard against heat loss, trauma, and sunlight
Hair Root
: Below the surface, contained by the hair follicle
Hair Shaft
: Visible part of hair; contains medulla, cortex & cuticle
Arrector Pili
: smooth muscle that causes goosebumps
Hair Bulb
: fat/round end of hair follicle
Skin Cancer and ABCDE Rule
Some skin tumors are benign (not cancerous) and do not spread (metasize)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
2nd most common type; can metasize, scaly reddened papule on scalp, ears, lower lips, or hands
Melanoma
: Cancer of melanocytes; most dangerous type, is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy.
Basal Cell Carcinoma:
Least malignant & most common, 99% curable though surgery
ABCDE Rule
: Used to detect skin cancer early
C
: Color; contains many colors (black, brown, tan, red, & blue)
D
: diameter is larger than 6 mm (size of pencil eraser)
B
: Border irregularity; exhibits indentations
A
: asymmetry; two sides of pigmented area don't match
Degrees of Burns & Rules of Nine
2nd Degree Burn
: Epidermal & upper dermal damage; blisters appear, no pain
3rd Degree Burn
: Entire thickness of skin; turns grey, white, cherry red, or black....nerve endings are destroyed
1st Degree Burn:
Epidermal damage only; redness, edema (swelling) & pain
Rules of Nine
Evaluate severity of burns: breaks the body into 11 sections with each section representing 9% of the body surface (genitals-1%) to estimate the volume of fluid loss.
Layers of the Skin/Structures Within
Dermis
: Middle vascular layer of skin; made of mainly connective fibrous tissues
Papillary Layer
: Dermal papillae enhances gripping ability, sense touch, and has sweat pores that make finger prints.
Reticular Layer
: Deep layer; supplies skin with oxygen and elasticity, & made up of connective tissue.
Hypodermis
: Superficial Fascia located below dermis; layer of support tissues is made of adipose and connective tissue
5 Layers of Epidermis
Stratum Granulosum
: Superficial to spinosum; slows waterloss, starts keratinization
Stratum Lucidum
: In thick skin; made of 2-3 rows of dead keratinocytes
Stratum Spinosum
: Superficial layer; has keratinocytes/spiky
Stratum Corneum
: Most superficial layer: 3/4 thick to protect bottom layer & projects from injuries
Stratum Basale
: Deepest layer; has mitotic cells
Epidermis
: Avascular outer layer of skin; made of keratinized stratified squamous
Tactile Cells
: sensory receptors that sense touching sensation
Dendritic Cells
: Star shaped machrophages that are deep & key activators of immune system
Melanocytes
: Spider shaped; produce melanin
Keratinocytes
: Produces keratin