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THEORIES AND METHODS FEMINISM - Coggle Diagram
THEORIES AND METHODS FEMINISM
liberal feminism
women can achieve equality through reform
BETTY FRIEDAN
feminist mystique in society, referring to the cultural myth that women seek security in domestic life which is emphasised through socialisation and sexist attitudes
myth serves to discourage women from entering employment, politics and public life in general
focus on legal restrictions faced by women and pushed for change, female inequality in the workplace is used as an example, with feminists efforts causing the equal pay act and the sex discrimination act
also focus on sexual division of labour such as expressive and instrumental roles causing gender inequality and reinforcing the socialisation process
evaluation of liberal feminism
ignore significance of deep rooted structures causing women's oppression such as the patriarchy and capitalism
reform means women become 'male-identified' meaning having access to the male world rather than a world where women have true freedom
liberal feminism deemed over-optimistic as see obstacles of inequality as simply the prejudices of individuals or irrational laws that can be gradually reformed
radical feminism
the personal is political, all relationships between men and women are political for example relationships at home confine women to home, and excludes them from public sphere such as work, economics and politics.
sexual politics
men are the enemy, looking at sexuality and violence, sexuality being socially constructed to suit male desires.
brownmiller
argues that men dominate women through the process of physical and sexual abuse
men have
'ideology of rape'
the conscious process of intimidation by which all men keep women in a state of fear, men rape because they can
men who don't rape still benefit from the fear and anxiety that all women experience
society is patriarchal,
kate millett
describes patriarchy as a system that runs through all political, social and economic structures and is found in every society
firestone
patriarchy lies on women's ability to bear and raise children, making them dependent on men
millet
family is "patriarchy's chief institution"
revolutionary change needed to solve oppressions women face
1) sexual revolution needed, women develop common consciousness and overthrow patriarchy
2) women establish sisterhood and unite to condemn patriarchal domination- 'SlutWalk' marches examples of this
3) women form matrilocal households, living away from men and creating culture of female independence
4) heterosexual relationships 'sleeping with the enemy' lesbianism only non-oppressive form of sexuality
evaluation of radical feminism
provide an inadequate theory of how exactly to abolish patriarchy, seperatism unlikely to be achievable or desirable for many women
(somerville)
liberal feminists point out that women's position in society has improved greatly in recent years
ignores gender differences between class and ethnicity
radical feminism neglects violence against men by women and violence in lesbian relationships
marxist feminism
barrett
familial ideology fits in with capitalism, women domestic labourers and dependent on men, wc divided into waged and unwaged. Whilst reducing revolutionary potential of working class, it means women stay in oppressive family types as they see it as natural and normal
women
'reserve army of labour'
, provide cheap supply of domestic labour to sustain capitalism
women's disadvantaged position stems from capitalism, leads to accumulation of wealth and so men need to have heirs to inherit wealth. women's job is to produce heirs and future labour force,
reproduction of labour power
ansley
"women are the takers of shit", women soak up frustration husbands feel with their jobs- explanation for DV against women
evaluation of marxist feminism
fail to account for exploitation and subordination of women who benefit from capitalism or reside in non-capitalist societies
fail to explain why women serve as unpaid domestic labour force, and not men
dual system feminism, sociologists combine radical and marxism feminism together, ideology of
patriarchal capitalism
,
hartman
believes concepts of patriarchy and capitalism are intertwined and we must look at effects of both (public sphere capitalism and private sphere domestic work) to explore subordiation of women effectively
walby
argues two concepts collide, domestic sphere keeps women out of work to produce family yet capitalist society demand free/cheap labour
difference feminism