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Ch. 5 Structure & Functions of Large Biological Molecules - Coggle…
Ch. 5 Structure & Functions of Large Biological Molecules
carbohydrates
monosaccharide
polysaccharide
immediate energy
cellulose
plant cell walls
glycogen
energy storage in human/ animals
glucose
glycosidic linkage
covalent bonds between monosaccharides
C H O
lipids
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
triglyceride
long term energy, insulation, & protection
ester linkage
unsaturated fatty acids
with one or more double bonds (w/ kink)
solid at room temperature
saturated fatty acids
w/ no double bonds
liquid at room temperature
phospholipids
fatty acid tails
hydrophobic & non polar
phosphate head
hydrophilic & polar
steroids
cholesterol
proteins
amino acids
polypeptide
build structure
held together by disulfide bridges that reinforce protein structure
enzymes
speed up chemical reactions
-ase
extremely specific
protein denaturation
high temp or pH can cause loss of protein structure (unfolding)
four levels of proteins
primary
sequence of amino acids
secondary
folding of polypeptide backbone
tertiary
overall 3D shape of single polypeptide chain
quaternary
multiple chains of polypeptides
collagen
nucleic acids
nucleotide
DNA/RNA
genetic info
polymer made via dehydration synthesis
making polymers by removing water
phosphate ribose sugar nitrogenous base
with phosphodiesther linkage
hydrolysis
using water to break polymers to monomers
