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Structure and function of large bio-molecules - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Location of the carbonyl group
      - Used as fuel, and as raw Materials for molecule construction
      - Disaccharide is when Dehydration synthesis joins two monosacchrides
        
        The covalent bond between monosaccarides, glycosidic link
      - In Ratio of, 1:2:1
  - - - Function depends on the Sugar Monomers and the Position of the glycosidic linkages
        
        Storage polysaccarides
        
        Glycogen:animals, starch:plants
        
        Structural polysaccarides
        
        Chitin, cellulose
        
        Cellulose in human food passes through the digestive tract as “insoluable”
  - - - Ex. Potatoes, Starch, Sugar
- - - - Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol, ester linkage,
  - - - Fatty acids: Carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton
      - Fatty acids
        
        unsatuarated fatty acids
        
        One or more double bonds
        
        Liquid @ room temp
        
        Hydrogenation, unsaturated fats -> saturated fats
        
        Hydrogenating vegetable oils may create trans fats, which contribute more to cardivascular
        
        Saturated fatty acids
        
        The maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds
        
        Solid @ room temp
  - - - Ex. Fats, wax, Steroid
        
        Steroids:type of steroid, a component in animal cell membranes and a precursors from which other steroids are synthesized
- - - - Branched polymers made up of amino acids
  - - - Bonds between amino acids are called peptides
      - Amino and carboxyl groups
  - - - 4 levels of proteins
        
        Change in pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other environmental factors can cause a protein to unravel, This loss of a protein's native structure is called denaturation
        
        Extremely high temperatures can be fatal, proteins tend to denature in high temps, usually return to normal after temp break but not always the case
        
        Denatured, biologically inactive.
    - - Enzymes regulate the metabolism acting at a catalyst, which speed up chemical reactions
      - Enzymes
        
        Temp + pH can alter structure (denature)
        
        end in “ase”
        
        Enzymes are specific
- - - - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
        
        Provides instruction for its own replication
        
        Directs synthesis for mRNA
        
        Which controls protein synthesis
        
        Process is called gene expression
      - Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
  - - - DNA, RNA, ATP
  - - - Nucleic acid, Pentose sugar, phosphate
      - Without phosphate, nucleoside
        
        Nucleic acid + sugar
        
        Purines: adenine, guagine
        
        Primidimes: cytosine, thymin, uracil