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The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules - Coggle Diagram
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Polymer
Polysaccharide
A large carbohydrate made of many sugar molecules linked together
Triglyceride
A type of fat made of one glycerol and three fatty acids, used for energy storage.
DNA
The molecule that stores genetic information in cells
Polypeptide
A chain of amino acids that makes up proteins.
RNA
A molecule that helps make proteins using the instructions from DNA.
Chemical Reactions Involving Polymers
Enzymes
Specialized macromolecules
Speed up chemical reactions
Make or break down polymers
Dehydration Reaction
Joins two monomers
Loses a water molecule
Hydrolysis
Breaks polymers into monomers
Reverse of dehydration
Monomer
Monosaccaride
A single sugar molecule, the simplest carbohydrate
Glycerol+ Fatty acids
A small molecule that forms the backbone of fats (triglycerides).
Amino Acids
he building block of proteins.
Nucleotide
the building block of DNA and RNA, made of a sugar, phosphate, and base.
Lipids
General Features
Diverse group of hydrophobic
Not true polymers
Mix poorly with water
Biologically Important Types
Mostly hydrocarbon regions
Fats
Phospholipids
Steroids
Fats
Glycerol
3- carbon alcohol hydroxyl group on each carbon
Fatty Acids
carboxyl group
long carbon skeleton
Types of fatty acids
Saturated
max hydrogen
no double bonds
Unsaturated
1 or more double bonds