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Macro-Molecules - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Gives immediate energy
        
        Polymer- polysacherides
        
        Monomer- monosacherides
        
        Starch is a polysacherides in plants
        
        Glycogen is the storage of polysaccharides in animals
        
        Chitin structural polysaccharide is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods
    - - 6 carbon, 12 Hydrogen, 6 oxygen
  - - - Oil. Butter, wax, and Cheese
        
        Long term energy storage, heat insulation, protection
        
        Polymer is called a Trigliceride
        
        Monomer is a 1 glycerol + Fatty acids chain
        
        Phosphate- non polar, fatty acid chains are polar
      - All Lipids are Hydrophobic
        
        Hydrophobic is to repel water, seen in oil and water
      - Saturated fatty acids
        
        Solid at room temp, the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds
        
        butter on a kitchen counter
      - Unsaturated fatty acids
        
        Have one or more double bonds, t takes more energy to break down the double bonds thus making them more healthy, Liquid at room temperature
        
        Olive Oil
      - TransFats
        
        Hydrogenation is the process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen
        
        creates unsaturated fats with trans double bonds
        
        Super Unhealthy and Hard on the body
    - - are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
      - Cholesterol
        
        a type of steroid, is a component in animal cell membranes and a precursor from which other steroids are synthesize
  - - - Build structures
        
        Polymer- polypetid, look like chains of circles
        
        Monomer are peptides
      - Enzymes
        
        Catalysts for reactions, create or destroy
        
        Denatured by pH change and temp changes
        
        Substrate- bonds to specific enzymes only
        
        Can only bond to the active site if its a perfect fit
        
        Dehydration Synthesis
        
        makes something by removing water
        
        Monomers and nucleic acids combine by this process to make something
        
        Hydrolysis
        
        Breaking something up to break something apart
        
        breaking down proteins to make amino acids
  - - - Seen in genetic information, does not need to be consumed for homeotasis
        
        Made of a sugar, a phosphate, and nitrogen
        
        Polymer-DNA and RNA. Not a real one but closes to it
        
        Monomer- nucleotide
- - - - monosaccharides, simple sugar
    - - Glycosidic linkages
        
        two covalent bonds between two monosaccharides