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Discoveries in medicine during the 19th century - Coggle Diagram
Discoveries in medicine during the 19th century
Germ Theory
Louis Pasteur - Scientist - Studies microorganisms
Robert Koch - Doctor - Learns from Pasteur and finds:
Causes of:
Tuberculosis (1880)
Cholera 1883
Later other scientists find causes for:
Typhus (1880)
Pneumonia (1886)
Tetanus (1884)
Meningitis (1887)
Plague (1894)
Dysentery (1898)
Pasteur also develops vaccines for:
Anthrax
Cholera
Chicken Pox
Rabies
Surgery
Problems:
Blood Loss
Infections
Pain
Possible solutions
Ether
Usually irritates the lungs and causes patients to cough
Laughing gas (J.C.Warren)
Chloroform (Briton James)
Rapidly knocks out patients and lets doctors do longer surgeries which leads to more death
Cocaine
Best for small operations
Infection
Problem:
Unwashed hands, equipment, clothes and Lack of protective measures = More deaths
Solutions:
Florence Nightingale - spread the idea - cleaner surgical fields = statistically less soldier deaths
Joseph Lister - Spraying Carbolic Acid on wound = Better healing and no gangrene
1890 - Aseptic Surgery - Steam Cleaned clothes
German surgeons started wearing face masks
W.S.Halstead - started using rubber gloves
Small Pox
Inoculation - China
Edward Jenner - Immunity from smallpox after a small dose of cowpox
"Vaccine"
Blood Loss
Ligatures of Paré are safer - threads are sterilized
Blood transfusions - Unsuccessful
Blood cannot be stored - clots up