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On sex, Approximately 1 - 2 % of population Same as red hair,…

- - - - SRY Gene - Sex determining region on Y chromosome
      - Male
        Presence of Y chromosomes
        Gonads become tests
      - Female
        No presence of Y chromosomes
        Gonads become ovaries
- - - - XXY Klinefelter Syndrome - Extra X
        Less testosterone
        breast issues
        reduced fertility
        Michael Phelps and Tom Cruise
        
        XYY
        
        XXX
        
        XXXX, XXXXX, XXYY, XXXY
        
        Mosaicism and Chimerism
        Different chromosomes patters in different cells (some xx, some xy)
        Ambiguous sex characteristics
        
        SRY Gene Variation
        XY W/O functional SRY - Female path despite XY
        XX with translocated SRY - testes and male-typical traits despite being XX
  - - - Potential for errors in signaling
    - - SRY Gene - Sex determining region on Y chromosome
        
        SRY gene has potential for failure
        Causing a change in hormones and specialized cells
        XY genes develop more XX characteristics
        
        XY w/o functionaing SRY - XY "female"
        Gonads become ovaries
        
        XX with misplaced/extra SRY - XX "male"
        Gonads become testes
        
        Gonadal Dysgenesis - gonads may not fully become testes or ovaries. Leading to ambiguous or mixed traits.
        
        Mosaicism Some cells can produce ovotestes - mixed ovarian and testicular tissue
        
        :
      - Male
        Presence of Y chromosomes
        Gonads become tests
        
        Weeks 8-12
        Hormonal-Driven Differentiation
        
        Testosterone makes male parts
        Lack of testosterone makes female parts
        
        Weeks 13-Birth
        
        Genitalia growth and development continue
        
        Hormonal changes affect genitalia
        Brain development influenced by hormonal exposure - ongoing research
      - Female
        No presence of Y chromosomes
        Gonads become ovaries