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Biology - Cell specialisation and Differentiation - Coggle Diagram
Biology - Cell specialisation and Differentiation
Specialised Cell
Animal
Sperm Cell
fertilse egg cell
lots of mitochondria
flagella / long tail
enzymes in head to digest through egg cell membrane
streamlined head
Muscle Cell
to contract quickly
store glycogen
lots of mitochondria
Nerve Cell
carries electrical impulses round the body
dendrites
branched connections
axon
carries nerve impulse
long
Plant
Root Hair Cell
help plants absorb water and minerals more efficiently
increase surface area of plant - root hairs
large vacuole
long projections
Xylem
carries water and minerals up plant
lignin spirals - strong
hollow
Phloem
carries food around body of plant
companion cells
very few subcellular structures - flow through
Photosynthetic cell
carry out photosynthesis
leaves + outer stem to absorb light
chloroplasts
Differentiation
proccess - cell changes to become specialised for carrying out its function
occurs as an organism develops
animal cells
lost at an early stage
plant cells
don’t lose this ability
cells that differentiate in mature animals - used for repairing and replacing cells
Cell Division
Organisms need continuous supply of new cells
Growth
Development
Repair
Replacement
Cell grows
increases number of subcellular structure
DNA replicated
Chromosomes
carry a large number of genes
contain the instructions for making new cells
genes determine our characteristics
found in human body cells as 23 pairs (46 in total)
found in nucleus