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The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules - Coggle Diagram
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Glucose
Frutose
Disaccharides
Two monosaccharides
Glycoside Linkage
Polysaccharides
Chitin
exoskeleton of arthropods
Structural polypeptide
Fungi
Cellulose
strengthens plant cells
Glycogen
animals
stores glucose for energy
starch
Plants
stores glucose for energy
Bread and glucose
1:2:1 C:H:0
quick energy
Nucleic Acids
RNA
Ribosome
A,U,C,G
Single stranded
DNA
Deoxyribose
A,T,C,G
double stranded
stores genetic information
Genomics
Study of genes
Nucleotide
ATP
Genetic expression
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Amino acid
Polypeptide
gets broken when exposed to protease
Build structure
Enzymes
Speeds up chemical reaction
Ends with -ase
Temp and pH affect structure
Denature
very specific
Meats
Hormones
Lipids
Oils and waxes
Fatty acid
Saturated fatty acids
no double bonds, solid at room temp
Unsaturated fatty acid
Hydrogenation
Adding hydrogen converts unsaturated to saturated
one or more double bonds, liquid at room temp
Triglyceride
Long-term energy/ protection
Phospholipids
two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol
Phospholipid bilayer
cell membrane
steroids
cholesterol
components of the cell membrane
Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
Macromolecules
Monomers
Polymers
Dehydration Synthesis
Removing H2O between monomers to build polymers
Anabolic
Hydrolysis
Adding H20 to polymers to break into monomers
Catabolic