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Week 4 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - AFP
      - 15-22 weeks
      - Maternal blood
      - hCG
      - T21,T18
      - Neural tube defects
    - - 10 weeks onwards
      - Maternal blood
      - Traces of fetal DNA fragments
      - T21,T18, T13, Sex-linked abnormalities
      - Can detect Homocystinuria
    - - NT
      - PAPP-A
      - B-hCG
      - Tests for:
        
        T21, T18, T13
      - How?
        
        Ultrasound, Maternal blood
      - 10-14 weeks
  - - - Cachexia
      - Pale skin
      - light-colored hair
      - Scoliosis
    - - Tall for age
    - - Scoliosis
      - Cachexia
  - - - CBC
        
        Anemia, infections, inflammation
      - Blood gases
        
        Metabolic acidosis & alkalosis
      - Amino acid profile
        
        Detect alleviated levels of amino acids
      - Liver, kidney, thyroid function
        
        Hypothyroidism
        
        renal excretion of metabolites
        
        Check for hepatic involvement
    - - Detect amino acids in urine (aminoacidurias)
    - - Know reason behind poor vision
      - Detect Ectopia lentis (charactaristic of homocystinuria)
    - - Confirm scoliosis
- - - - Retinitis pigmentosa, optic atrophy
    - - Cortical visual impairment, brain injury, stroke
    - - Cataracts, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, ectopia lentis
    - - Inborn errors of metabolism (e.g., homocystinuria), vitamin deficiencies (A), chronic illnesses
    - - Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism