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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Coggle Diagram
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Causes
Polymicrobial infections (anaerobes, Mycoplasma, Gardnerella)
Post-abortion, postpartum, post-IUD insertion infections
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Diagnosis
Labs: elevated ESR/CRP, positive STI tests
Imaging: transvaginal ultrasound, MRI (for abscesses)
Clinical: history + pelvic exam
Laparoscopy (gold standard but rarely required)
Complications
Chronic pelvic pain
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Ectopic pregnancy
Perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome)
Infertility (tubal damage/scarring)
Symptoms/Signs
Dyspareunia (pain during intercourse)
Dysuria (painful urination)
Fever, chills
Abnormal uterine bleeding
Abnormal vaginal discharge (purulent/foul-smelling)
Cervical motion tenderness (Chandelier sign)
Lower abdominal/pelvic pain
Adnexal tenderness
Risk Factors
Multiple sexual partners
Early sexual activity
Previous PID
Intrauterine device (IUD) insertion
Unprotected sex
Management
Inpatient: IV Cefoxitin/Cefotetan + Doxycycline
Drainage/surgery if abscess or no improvement
Outpatient: Ceftriaxone + Doxycycline ± Metronidazole
Partner notification and treatment
Empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics (covering gonorrhea, chlamydia, anaerobes)
Abstinence until therapy complete