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THEORIES AND METHODS MARXISM/NEO-MARXISM - Coggle Diagram
THEORIES AND METHODS MARXISM/NEO-MARXISM
features of marxism
capitalism and class polarisation
growing division between working class and upper class, less middle classes
the state, revolution and communism
inequality can only be resolved when the proletariat revolts
class society and explanation
class system key part of society
alienation
proletariat are dehumanised, used only for work
ideology- false class consciousness
the proletariat does not realise they are being exploited by the bourgeoisie and contribute to their own exploitation
class consciousness
at some point proletariat become aware of their class, leading to uprising
historical materialism
how goods made affect society and societal change over time
criticisms of Marx 7 features
one dimensional view about what inequality is based on, ignores race and gender
two class model challenged by weber who believes there are classes within bourgeoisie and proletariat
class polarisation has not happened, large expanding middle class
economic determinism
structuralist marxism- althusser
rejects idea that B controls P through money and economics only, structures such as politics and ideology also play a role in controlling P
capitalist societies control on
an economic, political and ideological level
divides state into two apparatuses:
IDEOLOGICAL STATE APPARATUS
media, education system, family all ideologically manipulate working class into accepting capitalism
REPRESSIVE STATE APPARATUS
the army, prisons, police all coerce working people into compliance
criticises
GRAMSCI
as believes we do not have the power to overthrow society politically and we lack free will. we are puppets of capitalism
change will come about when conflict happens between economic, political and ideological level
EVALUATION OF ALTHUSSER
humanistic sociologists such as
GOULDNER
say idea we have no control over society causes people to not take political action and cause social change. bad because people taking action does make change
humanistic marxism- gramsci
dominance of bourgeoisie maintained through
coercion
and
consent (hegemony)
as first leader of 1920s italian communist party, Gramsci rejected Marx's economic determinism that money is what gives B power, but suggested hegemony meant working class people consented to capitalism
WC will only overthrow capitalism when able to develop own counter-hegemonic bloc
this is to be done by a group of proletariat who are able to lead and offer a new revolutionary political party to overthrow capitalism
EVALUATION OF GRAMSCI
fails to recognise some P see through hegemony and may not want to challenge out of fear