Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

exam 2, chapter 40 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - macromol
        
        protein
        
        protease breaks down protein
        
        carbs
        
        Monosaccharide
        
        amylase is the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
        
        lipids
        
        fatty acids
        
        Lipase breaks down lipids
        
        These macros are essentials nutrients that your body needs but cannot make
      - vitamins (organic)
        
        some vitamins are water soluble
        
        vitamin B and C are water soluble
        
        some vitamins are fat soluble
        
        vitamin A,D,E,K are fat soluble. you can also overdose on fat soluble vitamins
        
        You need vitamins and minerals to activate enzymes
      - minerals (inorganic)
        
        ions
      - Nonessentials nutrients are things your body is able to make. things like vitamins and minerals
  - - - the first stage is the act of eating or feeding and there are four types of feeding
        
        many aquatic animals are FILTER FEEDERS. animals capture small food particles, organisms, or nutrients from water by filtering them through specialized structures.
        
        ANIMALS THAT LIVE ON THEIR FOOD ARE SUBSTRATES FEEDERS
        
        FLUID FEEDERS SUCK NUTRIENTS-RICH FROM A LIVING HOST.
        
        bulk feeders are animals that eat relatively large pieces of food. this is where humans are found
    - - The second stage is when food broken down to molecule were the body is able to absorb.
        
        two types of digestion
        
        Mechanical digestion is when your breaking down food by chewing.
        
        chemical digestion is body breaking down the food to get the macros essential for the body
    - - The third stage is when small molecules such as amino acids and simple sugars are absorbed by animal cell.
    - - the four stage is when undigested material passes out of the digestive system, completes the process.
  - - - mouth: Where food is introduced and mixed with saliva from three pairs of salivary glands.
      - Esophagus: Transports food to the stomach.
      - stomach: Breaks down food with gastric secretions
      - small intestines: Absorbs nutrients, with assistance from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
      - large intestine: Absorbs water and forms waste for excretion.
  - - - Dentition: The variety of teeth in vertebrates often reflects their diet.
      - Digestive Tract Length: Herbivores and omnivores typically have longer alimentary canals than carnivores.
      - Fermentation Chambers: Many herbivores possess fermentation chambers where mutualistic microorganisms help digest cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls.
      - Expandable Stomachs: Carnivores often have large, expandable stomachs to accommodate large meals after infrequent hunting successes.
      - Ruminants: Animals like deer and cattle have complex stomachs for digesting tough plant materials through a process called rumination.
  - - - Digestion Regulation: As food enters different compartments, it triggers the secretion of digestive juices
      - Energy Storage: Hormones such as insulin and glucagon regulate glucose availability by controlling glycogen synthesis and breakdown
      - Appetite Control: Hormones like leptin, insulin, and ghrelin regulate appetite by affecting the brain's satiety center.
- - - - For example: When its to cold, your body shivers to try to warm you up.
    - - For example: a women while in labor and having contractions