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Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Genetics
Gene transfer
Transformation-acquire DNA from environment-cells that do this are called competent aafter transfer they are called recumbinant
Transduction-virus infect cell causing it to make copies of virus but it also makes some witht e cell DNA and when released can infect other cell called lysogenic virus
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Streptococcus pyogenes-erythrogenic toxin-scarlet fever, cyanobacterium diphtheria-inhibits protein synthesis, Escherichia coli- Shiga toxin-bloody diarrhea
Protein Synthesis
Replication
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Leading strand-primase puts 1 primer->DNA polymerase continues after primer using original DNA as a template. made consistency
Lagging- primase adds primer but bc 3'-5' many RNA primers used and many short segments of DNA are made (Okazaki)+DNA ligase seals gaps.
Transcription
5'-3' promoter DNA start sequence so RNA polymerase knows to bind and adds complementary nucleotides to make mRNA. stops at termination sequence and RNA is cleaved and released
Translation
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3 stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) 1 start AUG->Met
mutations
Frame shift-1 or more nucleotide deleted or added changes whole code and makes it nonfunctional ex huntingtons
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silent due to degeneracy, harmful, beneficial enhance survival
Plasmid
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Escherichia coli enterotoxin, staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin, clostridium tetani neurotoxin, bacillus anthacis varcous toxins