A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit that functions as a miniature microprocessor. A CPU, random access memory, special function registers, programme and data read-only memory, multiple input/output ports, voltage reference, pulse width modulation (PWM), analog-to-digital converters (ADC), digital-to-analog converters (DAC), timers, serial peripheral interface, universal serial bus (USB) port, ethernet port, and numerous other peripherals are all included.
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