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CH. 16: Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
CH. 16: Reproductive System
Parts of the
Reproductive system
Female
Uterus
Muscular organ where the embryo
develops into a foetus during pregnancy
Contains uterine lining which thickens to prepare for implantation and is shed every menstrual cycle when no fertilisation occurs
Cervix
Opening to the uterus
Oviduct
Where the ovum is released by the ovary
Vagina
Muscular tube where sperm is deposited
Becomes wider during birth
Ovaries
Produces female sex hormones which control sexual development in the body and eggs
Male
Penis
Hard, erectile organ which becomes hard to
enter the vagina and deposit sperm inside it
Sperm
duct
Transports sperm from the testis to the urethra
Testes
Produces male sex hormones and sperm cells
Urethra
Transports sperm through the penis into the vagina during sexual intercourse & transports urine to be removed from the body
Sex glands
Produces nutrients to nourish the sperm
Scrotum
Bag of skin located outside the body to keep the sperm at a cooler temperature for them to survive
Processes in the
Reproductive System
Fertilisation
When the mature egg cell (ovum) and the sperm cell fuse to form a fertilised egg cell (embryo)
Implantation
Processes in the Menstrual Cycle
Ovulation
(day 14)
An ovum is released from one of the ovaries into the oviduct
If the egg cell is fertilised it will travel towards the uterus to be implanted in its wall
If the egg cell is not fertilised, it breaks down or disintegrates
Menstruation (day 1 - 5)
If no fertilisation of the egg cell occurs, the uterine lining and blood vessels break down and are discharged through the vagina with the unfertilised egg cell and blood
Thickening of the
uterine lining (day 6 - 9)
Uterine lining thickens with many blood vessels being formed, in order to prepare for the implantation of the fertilised egg cell if fertilisation occurs
Fertile period
(day 10 - 15)
Sexual intercourse is more like to result in pregnancy
Sperm cells can survive 2 - 3 days in
the female reproductive system
Egg cell can only live 1 day after it is released by the ovary
Therefore, if sexual intercourse occurs from day 10 to 13 (2 to 3 days) before ovulation, it may survive to fuse with the egg cell when it is released
Nothing (day 16 - 28)
Uterine lining continues to thicken
Sexual intercourse
Sperm from the penis is deposited in the vagina
Sperm cells swim up the vagina, past the cervix, through the uterus into the oviduct, where the ovum is released
Fertilisation may occur
Puberty
Often occurs between ages 11 - 14
Body undergoes various physical changes and matures sexually
Reproductive parts produce sex hormones, chemicals that are produced by different parts of the body, found in small quantities but have a huge effect on many organ systems, including the physical changes in the body
Heredity
The passing down of genetic material from one generation to the next through sexual reproduction
Inherits characteristics from parent cells
During reproduction, genetic material in the sex cells in passed down, and guides and allows the cells to form the organism
Reproduction
Sexual reproduction
It occurs when the nuclei of the male (sperm) and female sex cells (ovum) fuse together and form an embryo
Sex cells
Mature egg
cell (ovum)
Cannot move on its own
Largest cell in the body as it has more cytoplasm which contains food for the embryo to grow and develop in the first few days after implantation
Sperm cell
Has a tail to swim up the vagina, cervix and uterus to the oviduct
Smallest cell in the body
Nucleus containing chromosomes is located inside the head
Sex cells only have half the chromosomes of a regular cell; they have 23 chromosomes while a regular cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes
Asexual reproduction (cell division)
Requires only one cell (does not require sex cells)
Cell looks identical to parent cell
More cells are needed for an organism to grow; however, they continually die off and must be replaced through cell division
Reasons for
Reproduction
All organisms have a limited life span and will eventually die
Reproduction prevents species from going extinct and ensures the continuity of the species
Reproduction is a biological process where
offspring is produced by the parents