Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
the discoveries in medicine during the 19th century - Coggle Diagram
the discoveries in medicine during the 19th century
WOMEN IN MEDICINE
Elizabeth Blackwell (1849)
first woman doctor in the USA.
Florence Nightingale (Crimean War, 1853 - 56)
emphasized cleanliness in hospitals, used diagrams to prove hygiene reduced mortality.
Mary Seacole
provided frontline nursing in the Crimean War.
UNDERSTANDING THE BODY
William Beaumont (1822)
studied digestion via patient with stomach fistula.
Theodor Schwann
found animals are made of cells.
Henry Gray (1858)
published Gray’s Anatomy.
VACCINATION
Edward Jenner (1798)
discovered vaccination.
Robert Koch (1880s - 90s)
identified bacteria causing tuberculosis, cholera and septicaemia.
Louis Pasteur (1861)
developed Germ Theory,
created vaccines - anthrax, rabies, chicken cholera.
Shibasaburo Kitasato and Alexandre Yersin (1894)
identified plague bacterium.
Emil von Behring (1901 Nobel Prize)
diphtheria treatment.
SURGERY
Pain Relief (Anaesthetics)
ether, chloroform, cocaine
Infection Control (Antiseptics & Asepsis)
Ignaz Semmelweis (1840s, Hungary),
Joseph Lister (1860s, Britain),
Koch (1878),
W.S. Halstead (1890s, USA),
German surgeons (1890s)
Blood Loss
Paré’s ligatures improved,
blood transfusions attempted, but limited.
NEW DISCOVERIES ABOUT DISEASE TRANSMISSION