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Language Change - Diffusion - Coggle Diagram
Language Change - Diffusion
Chen's S-curve
This model looks at how changes move from inception to mass usage.
At point 1
the change is new and only used amongst a few social groups.
At point 2
the change has gained some traction and there are a few people using it now.
At point 3
many people are using the change
At point 4
everyone who is going to adopt the change is now using it. This is never going to be everybody as people as people will always resist change.
An example
of this change would be ‘Brexit’. Initially, only political figures were using the term (1), then the media started using it (2). This then lead to mass public usage (3) and eventually almost all the UK using it (4).
Bailey's wave Model
KEY ASPECTS
The model helps untangle the complex patterns of isoglosses- boundaries of linguistic features. Instead of strict lines, the wave model suggests that features weaken and disappear gradually across space.
Changes spread outwards from a source of origin, impacting areas and social groups differently based on their proximity to that source
(CHANGE FROM BELOW)
As the wave of change moves, the innovation loses its intensity and influence, suggesting that it will never be adopted by
all
groups or regions.
The model incorporates the idea that certain innovations will only be found where other, related innovations also exist.
Stammbaum's tree
key concepts
Common Ancestry
: All languages within a family are believed to have descended from a shared ancestral proto-language.
Divergence
: Languages change and split from their parent languages over time, much like branches on a tree, leading to the diversification of language families.
Proto-Languages
: These are hypothetical languages reconstructed by linguists, serving as the ancestral forms from which related languages evolved (e.g., Proto-Germanic for English, German, and Dutch).
World Englishes
Strevens
McArthur
Kachru
Modiano
Gravity Model
Trudgill's
model, suggests that population centers play a crucial role in the hierarchical diffusion of linguistic features.
Mechanism
: The "gravitational pull" of a city's influence is proportional to its population size and inversely proportional to its distance.
Spread
: Linguistic changes spread from large urban centers to smaller towns, and then to 1000 surrounding rural areas, often skipping over less populated areas in between.
Significance
: The model explains why linguistic innovations can appear in major cities far from their origin while being absent in closer, less populated areas.
