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CH. 14: Digestive System - Coggle Diagram
CH. 14: Digestive System
Function of the
Digestive System
Food molecules are too large to be absorbed by the body, thus, they have to be broken down by the digestive system into small, soluble molecules
These molecules are able to be absorbed into the bloodstream and used to released energy through cellular respiration, which allows all cells to survive and reproduce
End products of digestion
Amino acids: Helps tissue repair and cell growth in the body
Fatty acids & glycerol: Allows to body to produce fats
Simple sugars: Releases energy to allow the body to carry out its daily functions
Diabetes
Refers to when there is a high level of sugar in the bloodstream
Symptoms: slow healing of wounds, frequent urination, numb or tingling feeling in hands and feet, blurred vision, sudden weight loss
It occurs when the body does not produce sufficient insulin OR when the body does not properly respond to insulin
Nutrients being digested
Three common nutrients are carbohydrates, fats and proteins
These, along with water, vitamins, mineral salts and fibres ensure the body is able to function well
Chemical Digestion Breakdown
Fats --
lipases
→ Fatty acids + glycerol
(occurs in the small intestine)
Starch --
amylase
→ Maltose
(begins in the mouth & small intestine)
Maltose --
maltase
→ Glucose
(occurs in the small intestine)
Proteins --
proteases
→ Polypeptides
(begins in the stomach & small intestine)
Polypeptides --
proteases
→ Amino acids
(occurs in the small intestine)
Parts of the
Digestive System
Small Intestine
Main area for digestion as many different
enzymes are produced here
Large fat droplets are broken down into smaller,
soluble molecules by bile (emulsification)
Chemical digestion ends here
Large Intestine
Excess water in the food is
absorbed into the bloodstream
Stomach
Hydrochloric acid is released to kill any harmful organisms and ensure an environment that the proteases can work in
A layer of mucus covers the insides of the stomach to ensure the proteases and hydrochloric acid do not harm nearby tissues
Proteases are produced here which
begin the digestion of proteins
Muscles at both ends of the stomach control the
movement of food in and out of the stomach
Rectum
Feces (undigested food and fibres) are temporarily
stored here before being removed from the body
Oesophagus
Carbohydrases mixed with the food continues
to digest the starch in the oesophagus
Muscles in the oesophagus push
the food down towards the stomach
Anus
Feces is removed from the body through this opening
Mouth
Saliva in the mouth contains carbohydrases
that begin digestion of starch in the mouth
Saliva lubricates the food and makes it easier to digest
Jaws crush and cut food molecules into
smaller, soluble molecules
[extra] Pancreas
[extra] Gallbladder
Harms in the Digestive System
Constipation
Constipation is when undigested food moves very slowly through the large intestine, resulting in more water being absorbed from it making it dry and hard
Causes: not having enough fibre in one's diet, not drinking enough water, stress, consumption of certain medications
Prevention methods: eating more fibre, drinking
sufficient water, exercising regularly
Food poisoning
Half of our faeces contains bacteria, however this bacteria is mostly good and not harmful
Causes: bacterial or viral infection
Could result in vomiting or diarrhea as it is the body's way of getting rid of harmful bacteria
Gastric pain
(caused by gastritis)
Symptoms of gastritis: upper abdominal pain
Gastritis is the inflammation or swelling of the stomach lining