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Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules - Coggle Diagram
Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Biomolecules=Macromolecules=Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
1:2:1
Polysaccharide
starch
a storage polysaccharide of plants
glycogen
a storage polysaccharide of animals
cellulose
structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by b glycosidic linkages
insoluble fiber
cellulose in human food passes through digestive tract
chitin
structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods
Monosaccharide
Glycosidic linkage
covalent bond between two monosaccharides
IMMEDIATE
ENERGY
potatoes, pasta, bread, sugar
Dehydration Synthesis
making polymers by removing water
Hydrolysis
using water to break polymers into monomers
Lipids
C, H, O
Triglyceride
1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids
Saturated Fatty Acids
maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds
SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
one or more double bonds
LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Phospholipid
lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group
**have to be hydroPHOBIC to pass through cell membrane
Cholesterol
type of steroid, is a component in animal cell membrane and a precursor from which other steroids are synthesized
LONG TERM ENERGY, PROTECTION AND INSULATION
Proteins
C, H, O, N, S
Enzymes
are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions
+catalysts +end in "ase" +temperature and pH can denature enzymes +extremely specific
Quaternary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Secondary Structure
Primary Structure
Proteins are held together by covalent disulfide bridges
Polypeptide
Amino Acids
Proteins BUILD STRUCTURES!
Nucleic Acids
C, H, O, N, P
DNA/RNA
Nucleotide
Phosphodiester linkage
consists of a phosphate group that links the sugars of two nucleotides
GENETIC INFORMATION
DNA, RNA, ATP
Gene Expression
process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs
