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Concepts of Community Health Nursing - Coggle Diagram
Concepts of Community Health Nursing
Concept and Dimensions of Health
Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
It has multiple dimensions: physical, mental, social, emotional, spiritual, and occupational.
Determinants of Health
Factors influencing health include biology, environment, lifestyle, socioeconomic conditions, education, culture, beliefs, and access to healthcare services.
Illness-Wellness Continuum and Spectrum of Health illustrate the range between optimal wellness and poor health.
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Prevention occurs at three levels:
Primary: preventing onset (e.g., immunization, health education).
Secondary: early detection (e.g., screenings, check-ups).
Tertiary: reducing complications and rehabilitation.
Indicators of Health
Used to measure and monitor community health status and progress.
Types: rates (e.g., mortality, morbidity), ratios, and absolute numbers.
Functions: mark progress, guide policies, stimulate community action, and evaluate health programs.
Community and Community Health
A community is a group of individuals sharing locality, values, interests, and goals.
Community health involves collective efforts to protect and improve the health of populations.
Factors Affecting Community Health
Environmental: sanitation, water, climate, pollution.
Social and cultural: education, beliefs, traditions.
Organizational and technological: availability of healthcare services, trained personnel, agriculture, and prevalent diseases.
Public Health Functions
Defined as the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts.
Core functions: control of communicable diseases, sanitation, maternal and child health, health education, lab services, and vital statistics.
Community Health Nursing (CHN)
Aims to provide comprehensive, holistic care at the family and community levels.
Guided by principles: population-oriented, prevention-focused, evidence-based, and using management/organizational strategies.
Hospital Nurse vs. Community Health Nurse
Hospital nurse: mainly curative, specialized, focused on individuals, hospital-based.
CHN nurse: preventive, generalized, works in diverse community settings, focuses on individuals, families, and populations, especially underserved groups.
Roles of Community Health Nurse
Health educator, counselor, caregiver, advocate, researcher, and collaborator.
Works to promote self-care, early case finding, follow-up, family participation, and community empowerment.