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Chapter 5: Biomolecules/Macromolecules - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 5: Biomolecules/Macromolecules
Polymers: a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks
Polysaccharide: Carbohydrate
Chitin: another polysaccharide found in exoskeleton of arthropods
Triglyceride: Lipid
Polypeptide: proteins
DNA/RNA: nucleic acid
Monomer: repeating units of polymers that serve as building blocks, CHO in a 1:2:1 ratio
Monosaccharide: carbohydrate
Glycerol + Fatty acids: lipds
amino acids: proteins
nucleotide: nucleic acid
Macromolecules: large molecules
Carbohydrates: immediate energy
Sugar, potatoes, cullulose (plants)
Lipids: long term enrgy storage, protection and insulation
Fat, wax, oil, steriods
Unsaturated fatty acids: the max number of hydrogen atoms possible & no double bonds; solid at room temperature
Hydrogenation: converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding or removing hydrogen
Saturated fats: have 1 or more double bonds; liquid at room temperature, generally healthier
Trans fats: unhealthiest fat
Cholestrol: componenet in animal cell membrane
Proteins: building structures
meat, eggs, nut products, enzymes
primary structure: long chain of amino acids
secondary structure: primary structure twisted like a double helix
tertiary structure: secondary structure folded on itself
quantiary structure: several tertiary structures together
Sickle Cell: disease that affects proteins, affects hemoglobin in red blood cells
Nucleic acids: genetic info
DNA, RNA, ATP
Enzymes: ends in -ase, proteins that act as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions, lowers energy required to complete functions
temperature and pH can alter the structure of enzymes (denature)
Denature: when temperatures increase in the body, enzymes change shape and can't fit substrate
ezymes are very specific
Active sight: where teh substrate and enzyme attach to one another
Dehydration Synthesis: the process of removing water to make polymers
Hydrolysis: using water to break polymers apart into monomers
Glycosidic linkage: the covalent bond between 2 monosaccharides
Starch and Glycogen: storage for polysaccharides in plants, storage for polysacchrides in animals