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Ch. 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life - Coggle Diagram
Ch. 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
organic chemistry
study of compounds containing carbon
carbon can form four bonds
most frequent bonding partners are C,H,O,N
hydrocarbons
H + C
CH4
hydrophobic
non-polar
carbon allows for great diversity of organisms on the planet
carbon can be linked in chains
can vary in length
some carbons can be arranged in rings
skeletons can be branched or unbranched
functional groups
components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
hydroxyl group
-OH
alcohol
carbonyl group
ketone aldehyde
carboxyl group
organic acid
amino group
amine
sulfhydryl group
thiol
phosphate group
organic phosphate
methyl group
methylated compound
isomers
compounds with the same molecular formulas, but different structures and properties
cis-trans isomers
same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangements
cis
two H's on the same side
trans
two H's on opposite sides
structural isomers
have different covalent arrangements of their atoms
enantiomers
isomers that are mirror images of each other
common use in pharmaceuticals
two enantiomers might have different effects
often only one of them is biologically active
