Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Water, Carbon, & Life - Coggle Diagram
Water, Carbon, & Life
Polar Covalent Bonds & Hydrogen Bonds
Polar molecule --> partial charges
Hydrogen bonding --> cohesion & adhesion
Surface tension
Transport in plants
Organic Chemistry & Origin of Life
Ocean acidification (CO₂ --> carbonic acid)
Volcano hypothesis
Key elements: C, H, O, N, S, P
Emergent Properties of Water
Cohesion/Adhesion --> water transport
Temperature moderation --> high specific heat, evaporative cooling
Ice floats --> less dense as solid, life possible in water
Versatile solvent --> dissolves ionic & polar molecules
Acidic & Basic Conditions
Water dissociation --> H⁺, OH⁻
pH scale (0–14)
Acids increased H⁺, bases decreased H⁺
Buffers --> maintain homeostasis
Ocean acidification (CO₂ --> carbonic acid)
Carbon's Bonding Properties
4 valence electrons --> 4 covalent bonds
Shapes: tetrahedral, planar w/ double bonds
Hydrocarbons --> energy storage
Isomers
Structural isomers
Cis-trans (geometric) isomers
Enantiomers (mirror images, pharmaceutical importance)
Functional Groups
Carbonyl (C=O)
Carboxyl (–COOH)
Amino (–NH₂)
Sulfhydryl (–SH)
Phosphate (–PO₄³⁻, ATP)
Methyl (–CH₃, gene regulation)
Hydroxyl (–OH)