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Carbon and the Diversity of life. :earth_africa: - Coggle Diagram
Carbon and the Diversity of life. :earth_africa:
All living things are made of carbon/have carbon in its skeleton.
Carbons common bonds are hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
The versatility of carbon aids in the diversity of organic molecules.
Isomers
Structural isomers
Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms.
cis-trans
isomers
cis-trans
isomers have the same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangements
enantiomers
enantiomers are isomers that are mirror images of each other.
The Most Important Chemical Group in Life.
Estradiol and testosterone.
Functional groups.
The components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions.
7 most important chemical groups.
Hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, and methyl group.
The first six groups are chemically reactive and also hydrophilic.
Methyl group is not reactive.
Phosphate group holds the organic molecule, adenosine triphosphate aka ATP.
Meant to store energy.
DNA Replication
Topoisomerase
Unwinds and relaxes the DNA.
DNA Helicase
unzips the DNA
DNA Polymerase
adds matching DNA bases.
DNA Ligase
connects the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strands