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Theories of first language acquisitions - Coggle Diagram
Theories of first language acquisitions
2. Nativist Theory
Associated with the work of Noam Chomsky
- It posits that children are born with an innate capacity for language learning.
Facilitates their native language acquisition systematically
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Nature of theory
Language Acquisition Device (LAD) - A hypothetical cognitive mechanism or innate module that facilitates language acquisitions.
Critical Period Hypothesis - The brain is most receptive to language input and most capable of acquiring language skills
Poverty of the Stimulus - The linguistic input received by children is often insufficient to account for the complexity and richness of the language they acquire.
Innate Language Capacities - Enable children to learn linguistic patters and understand an infinite number of novel sentences.
Universal Grammar (UG) - All language share a common underlying structure or set of principles.
3. Cognitive theory
Focusses on the cognitive processes involved in acquiring language
- Nature of Theory
Information Processing - Learners actively engage with linguistic input, encoding, and receiving information related to vocabulary and grammar.
Schema Theory - It highlights the importance of activating prior knowledge and making connection between new and existing linguistic concepts.
Problem-solving and Metacognition- Learners use cognitive and metacognitive strategies such as analyzing patters, set goals, monitoring comprehensions, and reflect on their learning process.
Constructivism - Highlights the importance of meaningful, experimental learning activities that allows learners to construct their understanding of language rules.
Cognitive Development and Language Acquisition - Learners become better equipped to understand and produce more complex linguistic structures.
Input Processing and Comprehension - Understanding the way the learners process input can inform instructional approaches that optimize learning outcomes.
- its occurs simultaneously during early childhood
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. Behaviourist Theory
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Influenced by the work of B.F Skinner
Focus on the role of environment stimuli, reinforcement and conditioning in the learning process.
- Nature of Theory
Reinforcement - Positive reinforcement such as praise, attention, or rewards when the child produces language correctly.
Oprerant Conditioning - Children associate specific langauge behaviours with sequences.
Modelling and Correction - Correction of language errors play an important role in shaping language development.
Language as Behavior - as a product of innate cognitive procesess or biological factors.
Imitation - Children observes the language used by their parents.
Environmental Input - Children learn language language through interactions with caregivers who provide linguistic input.
4. Social Interaction Theory
it's known as the social Interaction approach
This theory suggest that children learn language by actively participating with their family members caregivers and other members community.
- Nature of Theory
Imitation and Shared Experiences - Emphasizes the importance of imitation and observational learning in language acquisitions.
Joint attention and shared experiences - Joint attention occurs when two or more individuals focus their attention on the same object or event. The activities like pointing, naming exploring objects together can improve vocabulary learning.
Language as Social Communication - Children learn language not only to express their thoughts, they also interact with others and share experiences with other members
Scaffolding and Language Input - It involves providing support and guidance to children as they learn language.
Conversational Interactions and Feedback - It provide children with opportunities to engage in turn-taking, respond to questions and negotiate meaning.
Language Socialization and Cultural Learning - it emphasizes the role of language socialization in transmitting cultural values, norms, and practices through language.