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Types of Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction - Coggle Diagram
Types of Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Clinical manifestations: Hyponatremia and low serum osmolality,
Diagnostics: Low serum sodium and low serum osmolality
Treatment:Fluid restriction and hypertonic saline
Excess ADH → water retention without sodium retention
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Clinical manifestations: Polyuria, polydipsia and dehydration
Diagnostics: Water deprivation test
Treatment: Desmopressin for central DI
Deficiency of ADH
Hyperthyroidism
Clinical manifestations: Weight loss, heat intolerance and tachycardia
Diagnostics: Low TSH, high free T4/T3, thyroid antibodies
Treatment: Antithyroid drugs, and radioactive iodine ablation
Excess thyroid hormone
Hypothyroidism
Clinical manifestations: Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and constipation
Diagnostics: High TSH, low free T4
Treatment :Levothyroxine (T4 replacement)
Deficiency of thyroid hormones
Cushing Syndrome
Clinical manifestations: Central obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, thin extremities
Diagnostics: Elevated 24-hr urinary free cortisol
Treatment:Treatment: Surgical removal of tumor, medications that suppress cortisol
Excess glucocorticoids
Addison Disease
Clinical manifestations: Hyperpigmentation, hypotension, hyponatremia
Deficiency of cortisol and often aldosterone
Diagnostics: Low morning cortisol, high ACTH
Treatment: Lifelong glucocorticoid replacement