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Chapter 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Organisms Classification & Naming
        
        Common names can be too ambiguous, different species can have same name, some species may have a multitude of names, and many countries do not use the same names as others
      - Linnaean Taxonomy provides standardization
        -Classifies organisms by 8 levels of taxa
        
        Species denoted by two words --> binomial nomenclature
- - - - Water (h2o)- unique properties
        
        has polar change- electrons spend more time near oxygen than hydrogen
        
        -slightly positive charge on H and slightly negative on O
        
        allows attraction on things
        
        -universal solvent
        
        Hydrogen bonding is responsible for
        
        Adhesion: water molecules attracted to solid surfaces
        
        Cohesion: water molecules attracted to each other
    - - General rock classifications
        1.Igneous: made of primary minerals formed from magma or extruded lava
        
        Sedimentary: made of primary/secondary minerals deposited in oceans, lakes, rivers, or wind
        
        Metamorphic: formed from other rocks under heat and pressure
        
        Minerals: naturally occurring solids synthesized through geological processes
        -Hard, dense, semi to completely crystalline structure
        -General Classifications:
        
        Primary- original crystallization product formed in host rock
        
        Secondary- form when primary minerals weather
    - - Potential energy: Energy storage (chemical energy)
        Kinetic energy: energy of motion
        -Calories: Unit that denotes energy required to heat and raise temperature of 1 g of water by 1 *C
      - First law of thermodynamics: Energy is neither created nor destroyed buy may be converted from one form to another
        
        Second law: In any energy conversion, some of usable energy is lost (as heat or waste)
        -Increasing entropy of system
        
        "Can't get something from nothing (first law), and you can't even break even (second law)"
        
        -Energy moves through our environment from one organism to another from one sphere to another
  - - - Consumers
        -Obtain energy from consuming organic material
        -Cellular respiration = not efficient as photosynthesis
        
        Driven by solar energy --> mostly all organisms cannot survive without this
- - - - Landscape: clusters of ecosystems that interact
        
        Biomes: large area with same climate and similar vegetation
        
        Biosphere: system of all living things (earth)