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Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
Eukaryotic Cells: cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, bigger, more complex
Plant Cells: cells of plants; have cell walls and chloroplasts
chloroplasts: site of photosynthesis
Animal Cells: cells of animals; mitochondria only, no cell walls
Nucleolus: makes rRna
chromatin: the loose form of DNA, still DNA (interphase)
Ribosomes: produces proteins, can stick to the ER
Mitochondria: location of cellular respiration
Microscopes: an instrument used to view very small objects
electron microscope (EM): studies subcellular structures
scanning electron microscope (SEM): uses electrons to provide a 3D image of the specimen
transmission electron microscope (TEM): uses elctrons to view specimen (internal structures of cells)
cell fractionation: dony by centrifuge, takes apart cells and seperates the major organelles from one another
Prokaryotic Cells: no membrane-bound organelles, smaller, simpler
Organelles: membrane enclosed structures in eurkaryotic cells
Endomembrane system: membranes inside the cell
endoplasmic reticulum: rough/smooth ER, close to the nucleus
smooth ER: makes lipids and detoxifies drugs and poisons
rough ER: bound ribosomes, secrets proteins and vesicles
golgi apparatus: makes sorts and packages things
lysosomes: trash can of the cell, breaks everything down
Vacuoles: a large vesicle, with plenty of functions/carries things
Endosymbiont theory: early ancestors of eurkaryotes engulfed an oxygen-using nonphotosynthesic prokaryote, the engulfed cell formed a relationship with the host cel, resulting in mitochondrias
Cytoskeleton: support and motility in cells
Microtubules: thickest, biggest, tubulin, mitosis (spindle fibers)
Microfilaments: smallest, thinnest, actin, ex. action
intermediate filament: mid range
Cell Wall: maintains shape of cells, prevents excess water uptake and release, located mainly in plants, bacteria, fungi, and some protists
Plants: cellulose
bacteria: peptidoglycan
fungi: chitin
Cell junctions: structures that connect adjacent cells; contact and adhesion
plasmodesmata: only in plants, channels that are used for nutrient change
tight junction: neighboring cells pressed together, cell to cell
desmosomes: anchoring junctions, adhering to platforms
gap junction: communication junctions