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the american west 1840-1895 - Coggle Diagram
the american west 1840-1895
the natives
Culture, roles and structure of the tribes
Chief = figure head for the tribe but can make designs = made by a council
Men (hunt+war)
Women (prepare camp + food)
Children (learning skills from their parents + on lookout)
Elderly (set off from the tribe when about to die as not to slow them down (exposure) + share wisdom)
polygamy
war fare
Scalping - so they did not meet their enemy in the happy hunting grounds
The scalps where used as trophies
Counting coop, tap enemy to earn prestige
Main aims to stay alive, get the horses
beliefs
Dances - sundance, how a boy became a man and got their warrior name
Circles are sacred, respect of nature
Land cannot be owned wakan tanka
hunting
Different hunting methods e.g the jump, the chase (horses).
Only killed whats needed to survive and never women or calves (dog soldiers job)
lifestyle on a day to day basis
Nomadic - follow the buffalo herds
Use every part of the buffalo
Tipis - light weight and easy to move around - suits nomadic lifestyle
the buffalo
every part of the buffalo is used for something
skull
alter at relgious ceremonys
tongue
best part of the meat
brains
hide preparation
beard
ornament for weapons
horns
cups, spoons, ladles, headresses
hair
saddle pad filler, pillows, ropes, headresses, halters
hooves
glue and rattles
buckets, cups, dishes, cooking pots
bones
knives, arrow heads, war clubs, dice, shovels
fat
soap and cooking oil
tail
decorations and whips
the mormons
Joseph smith = founder of the mormons
Brigham young bough the mormons to slc after smiths death
polygamy practiced by the mormons and having multiple wives
book of mormon was an adapted version of the bible
Zion = the name of the holy city the mormons were trying to find
angle moroni, came to smith and intstructed him to find the golden plates
desert = the mormons wanted their own state
believed they were gods chosen people
problems and dangers on the journey west
Mormons faced violence
Cross native territory
Winter and extreme conditions
Natural obstacles
Horses and carts can break
getting lost
early settlers
49ers
discover gold in california in 1848, 10,000 people. In 1849 it was 100,000.
mountain men
trailblazers, pioneers. Moved to map the unknown and for a sense of adventure, set up the Oregon trail.
first farmers
fertile land, less crowded, cheaper land, land in east = expensive
mormons
founded in new york in 1830. Escaped persecution + settle in zyon. Settled in salt lake city (utah)
manisfest destiny
God given right and duty to go west and populate the whole fo america
Pushed by the us government (propaganda) to reduce overcrowding in the east
Help eliminate the obstacle of native americans
where and why were the mormons prosecuted
New york = mormons founded by joeseph smith, said they were gods chosen people, mobs attacked and shot them 1830
Kirtland-ohio = try to set up zion, smith tarred and feathered, tried to set up a bank which collapsed 1831
Missouri = set up danites (secret army), tried to free the enslaved leading to the governor issued an extermination order 1837
Nauvoo (swamp) = smith tried to make polygamy and run for president, 1844 smith was killed
Salt lake city
the american civil war
social impact =
Huge loss of life →soldiders
North, women worked in the factories, in the south, women take over.
Women went onto the battlefield as nurses or disguised themselves as men
Most enslaved people stayed to work on the plantations
For the enslaved some tried to flee to the north to join the union, most who fled were returned to the south.
Plantations were destroyed, houses were destroyed due to the fighting
economic impact =
In north factories making weapons or uniforms for the army did really really well
South railroad was destroyed
Plantations were destroyed that had a massive hit on the cotton industry
Cotton productions fell from 4 million bales in 1861 to just 300,000 in 1865
Food shortages and riots
Inflation in the south hit about 500%
political impact =
1863 → emancipation proclamation (slaves were freed)
1866 → civil rights act (applied to all races except natives) were now full us citizens
1868 → 14th amendment (freed slaves now protected by law)
1870 → 15th amendment (black americans were now allowed to vote and run for government office
Black code in south limited freedoms of former slaves → black americans had to pass a literacy test + pay poll tax to vote
Kkk were formed and lynchings began