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Russia in 1914 - Coggle Diagram
Russia in 1914
Social
In 1913 Russia celebrated the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty - popular support for the Tsar was strong
The vast territories of Russia were disconnected from each other - it took weeks of travel to reach the provinces of the far east
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Although 80% of the population were rural peasants, the pace of urbanisation was increasing and there were pressures on food supply
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Conditions were poor - eg a 1910 cholera epidemic in St Petersburg killed 100,000
Rising inflation, static wage levels and poor conditions fuelled urban discontent
Economic
Beween 1909 and 1914, Russia's GNP had grown at an annual rate of 3.5%
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Factories were labour intensive, with a lack of investment in modern technology
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Overall, agricultural production had risen - the number of independent farms had increased from 42,000 in 1907 to 134,500 in 1913
By 1914 the number of individuals farms had fallen to 98,000 suggested a shift from rural to urban living
By 1914 over 70,000km of railway track had been laid, up from 20,000 in 1881 - however the Trans-Siberian railway had yet to be completed
Political
Russia was relatively stable - the hostility of the early Dumas had been resolved through Stolypin's electoral reforms
Although aggrieved by the reduction in the authority of the Duma, liberal members were not prepared to openly defy the Tsar
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Strikes at the Lena Goldfields in 1912 were considered such a threat that the state sanctioned the killing of striking miners
Nicholas II had survived a number of challenges to his authority and appeared to be in a strong position
Economic and social change led to rising working class political consciousness and the potential for a challenge to Tsarist authority