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Sustainable Development of Housing (Ch 9) - Coggle Diagram
Sustainable Development of Housing (Ch 9)
9.1 How does housing affect the natural environment?
Housing ↔ Environment ↔ People → Sustainability is key
Impacts on Environment:
Use of Natural Resources
Land cleared → forests destroyed
Wood → furniture
Electricity → natural gas
Steel → iron deposits
Water → sanitation + drinking
❌ Unsustainable extraction → irreversible damage
📊 Facts: 18.7m acres forests lost yearly; Cities use 504B L water/day; SG imports 90% food
Environmental Pollution
Land pollution → garbage, chemicals, mining → soil contamination
Water pollution → run-off, oil, sewage → unsafe water
Air pollution → fossil fuels, industries, vehicles → respiratory diseases
✅ Solutions: waste management, public transport, solar power
9.2 How does access to housing affect people?
Housing ↔ People → Health, amenities, communities
Impacts on People:
Shelter → safety, protection from weather
Sanitation, electricity, water, waste removal
❌ 800M lack safe toilets; 100M practice open defecation → cholera outbreaks
Presence of Amenities
Definition: Useful features that improve life (supermarkets, hawker centres, hospitals)
Example: Tampines Hub, Bishan MRT connectivity
✅ Improves quality of life
Presence of Communities
Social needs → community centres, playgrounds, parks
Builds belonging, neighbourliness, kampung spirit
Examples:
BAP Adventure Playground @ Canberra (2018)
Prata Party @ Edgefield Plains (2017)
9.3 How can housing be managed sustainably?
Integrated Land-Use Planning
Balancing housing, transport, schools, amenities
Example: HDB New Towns (Tampines, Sengkang, Punggol)
Inclusive Public HousingMeets needs of all: price, size, age, physical ability
examples
1–5 room flats
Playgrounds, exercise corners
Ramps, Braille lifts
Environmental Features in Buildings (Green Buildings)
Save energy & water, use solar, recycling, green roofs/walls
Example:
Treelodge@Punggol
→ rainwater harvesting, solar panels, recycling chutes
Improvements to Slums
Upgrade instead of demolish
Example: Favela Bairro (Brazil) → sewerage, childcare, land ownership, lighting