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Human Sexual Reproductive System (sci chp 16 sec 2 g2 ) - Coggle Diagram
Human Sexual Reproductive System (sci chp 16 sec 2 g2 )
Functions of Reproductive System
Reproduction → produce new organisms
Importance
Transfer of genetic information (heredity)
Continuity of species
Fertilisation
Union of sperm nucleus + egg nucleus → zygote
Zygote develops → embryo → foetus → baby
Sperm cell: nucleus (genes), tail (movement)
Egg cell: nucleus (genes), from mother
Male Reproductive System
Testis → produces sperms
Scrotum → holds testes
Sperm duct → carries sperm to urethra
Sex glands → secrete fluid with nutrients/enzymes
Penis → ejaculates sperm, reproductive organ
Urethra → tube to outside (sperm + urine)
Female Reproductive System
Ovary → produces eggs + hormones
Oviduct (fallopian tube) → site of fertilisation
Uterus → thick walls, uterine lining (implantation, pregnancy)
Cervix → muscular ring at uterus opening
Vagina → passage to outside
Menstrual Cycle
Day 1–5 → menstruation (shedding lining + egg + blood)
Day 6–9 → uterine lining thickens
Day 10–15 → ovulation (fertile period)
Day 16–28 → lining stays thick for embryo
Disruptions to Reproductive System
Substance abuse: premature babies, underdeveloped organs, low weight, defects
Birth control
Temporary: abstinence, rhythm, spermicide, pills, condoms, diaphragm, IUD
Permanent: vasectomy (male), tubal ligation (female)
Abortion
Medical: risk to mother/child
Social: financial, rape, unwanted pregnancy
Consequences: infections, difficulty conceiving
STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections)
HIV/AIDS (virus) → weak immunity, death, no cure
Syphilis (bacteria) → rashes, sores → heart failure, blindness; antibiotics
Gonorrhoea (bacteria) → painful urination, pus → infertility, blind babies; antibiotics
Prevention:
Avoid multiple partners
No sharing needles/razors
Use sterile instruments (tattoo, piercing)
Use condoms
Screen blood for HIV
Heredity: It is a process whereby characteristics are passed down genetically from one generation to the next.
