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Feedback Systems, References - Coggle Diagram
Feedback Systems
Postive Feedback
Definition: A system in which the output intensifies or amplifies the original stimulus, pushing the system further away from its baseline.
Characteristics
Self-Amplifying: The response triggers more of the same response, speeding up the process.
Rarity: Positive feedback is not typically used for homeostasis but for processes that require a definitive outcome.
Examples
Childbirth:
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Oxytocin stimulates stronger contractions, which stretch the cervix more, triggering more oxytocin release.
This loop continues until the baby is born, which interrupts the stimulus and halts the cycle.
Blood Clotting:
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Platelets release chemicals that attract more platelets, which in turn release more chemicals.
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Negative Feedback
Definition: When movement from away from a steady state is detected, mechanisms are triggered in order to counteract that change. Negative feedback has stabilising effect which dampens variations from a set point and returns the internal conditions to a steady state.
Charateristics
Restorative: Negative feedback acts to reduce the intensity of the stimulus, maintaining stability.
Rarity: Negative feedback loops are crucial in most biological systems to keep conditions within optimal ranges.
Examples
Temperature Regulation
High Temperature: Vasodilation and sweating increase heat loss, bringing temperature down.
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Blood Sugar Regulation
After Eating: Blood glucose rises, triggering insulin release to lower glucose levels.
Between Meals: Blood glucose drops, triggering glucagon release to increase glucose levels.
Negative Feedback Loop
Process
- Stimulus: A deviation from a set point
- Detection: Receptors sense the change
- Integration: The brian evaluates the information and signals effectors
- Response: Effectors act to reverse the change
- Restoration: The variable returns to normal and receptors reduce signaling.
Key Components
Receptor / Sensor: Detects chanfe in the internal environment, sends information to the control centres
Control Centre: Usually the brain (hypothalamus) but also the endocrine glands. Processes the sensory input and determines an appropriate response. Sends signals to effectors.
Effector: Organs, tissues, or cells that carry out the corrective response
Definition: iological mechanisms that regulate physiological processes by monitoring changes and triggering responses to maintain homeostasis.
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